|
Demographics
|
|
Age (years)
|
37 (29–54)
|
36 (28–50)
|
0.170
|
|
Gender
| | |
0.009
|
|
Male
|
172 (67.7)
|
266 (57.7)
| |
|
Residency
| | |
0.815
|
|
Residents
|
185 (72.8)
|
332 (72.0)
| |
|
Race
| | |
0.110
|
|
Chinese
|
111 (43.7)
|
197 (42.7)
| |
|
Malay
|
40 (15.7)
|
98 (21.3)
|
|
Indian
|
56 (22.0)
|
74 (16.0)
|
|
Others
|
47 (18.6)
|
92 (20.0)
|
|
Visit Month
| | |
0.211
|
|
January
|
11 (4.3)
|
35 (7.6)
| |
|
February
|
15 (5.9)
|
24 (5.2)
|
|
March
|
19 (7.5)
|
31 (6.7)
|
|
April
|
24 (9.4)
|
27 (5.9)
|
|
May
|
20 (7.9)
|
38 (8.2)
|
|
June
|
14 (5.5)
|
42 (9.1)
|
|
July
|
29 (11.4)
|
69 (15.0)
|
|
August
|
24 (9.4)
|
40 (8.7)
|
|
September
|
34 (13.4)
|
45 (9.8)
|
|
October
|
31 (12.2)
|
51 (11.1)
|
|
November
|
14 (5.5)
|
34 (7.4)
|
|
December
|
19 (7.5)
|
25 (5.4)
|
|
Epidemiologic Data
|
|
Smoker
|
53 (20.9)
|
114 (24.7)
|
0.123
|
|
Influenza Vaccination in the past 1 year
|
94 (37.0)
|
169 (36.7)
|
0.675
|
|
Travelled Overseas
|
74 (29.1)
|
116 (25.2)
|
0.250
|
|
Prior Consultation in 14 days
|
146 (57.5)
|
228 (49.5)
|
0.040
|
|
Prescribed antibiotics during prior consultation
|
64 (25.2)
|
125 (27.1)
|
0.578
|
|
Comorbidities
|
|
Asthma
|
36 (14.2)
|
91 (19.7)
|
0.062
|
|
COPD
|
40 (15.7)
|
77 (16.7)
|
0.741
|
|
Taking steroids
|
12 (4.7)
|
44 (9.5)
|
0.032
|
|
Diabetes mellitus
|
25 (9.8)
|
39 (8.5)
|
0.535
|
|
Liver disease
|
3 (1.2)
|
9 (2.0)
|
0.554
|
|
Cancer
|
11 (4.3)
|
8 (1.7)
|
0.039
|
|
Myocardial Infarction
|
8 (3.1)
|
12 (2.6)
|
0.671
|
|
Chronic Heart Failure
|
2 (0.8)
|
2 (0.4)
|
0.618
|
|
Renal disease
|
4 (1.6)
|
5 (1.1)
|
0.728
|
|
Charlson’s Comorbidity Index >0
|
82 (32.3)
|
158 (34.3)
|
0.590
|
|
Symptoms
|
|
Onset of symptoms (days)
|
4 (3–7)
|
4 (3–7)
|
0.438
|
|
Fever
|
188 (74.0)
|
234 (50.8)
|
< 0.001
|
|
Headache
|
27 (10.6)
|
38 (8.2)
|
0.288
|
|
Joint pain
|
8 (3.1)
|
9 (2.0)
|
0.315
|
|
Abdomen pain
|
14 (5.5)
|
16 (3.5)
|
0.193
|
|
Loss of appetite
|
23 (9.1)
|
35 (7.6)
|
0.493
|
|
Body ache
|
48 (18.9)
|
52 (11.3)
|
0.005
|
|
Diarrhea
|
10 (3.9)
|
18 (3.9)
|
0.983
|
|
Runny nose
|
116 (45.7)
|
244 (52.9)
|
0.063
|
|
Nausea
|
12 (4.7)
|
26 (5.6)
|
0.602
|
|
Red eye
|
3 (1.2)
|
4 (0.9)
|
0.704
|
|
Rash
|
7 (2.8)
|
11 (2.4)
|
0.763
|
|
Shortness of breath
|
38 (15.0)
|
107 (23.2)
|
0.009
|
|
Sore throat
|
130 (51.2)
|
196 (42.5)
|
0.026
|
|
Vomiting
|
21 (8.3)
|
19 (4.1)
|
0.021
|
|
Giddiness
|
8 (3.1)
|
33 (7.2)
|
0.027
|
|
Tiredness
|
13 (5.1)
|
17 (3.7)
|
0.361
|
|
Signs
|
|
Conjunctival congestion
|
3 (1.2)
|
6 (1.3)
|
1.000
|
|
Dehydration
|
15 (5.9)
|
16 (3.5)
|
0.126
|
|
Injected pharynx
|
80 (31.5)
|
111 (24.1)
|
0.032
|
|
Sinus congestion
|
3 (1.2)
|
2 (0.4)
|
0.353
|
|
Enlarged tonsil
|
6 (2.4)
|
9 (2.0)
|
0.714
|
|
Abnormal findings on abdominal examination
|
8 (3.1)
|
7 (1.5)
|
0.145
|
|
Abnormal findings on lungs examination
|
19 (7.5)
|
50 (10.8)
|
0.145
|
|
Vital Signs
|
|
Highest body temp (°C)
|
37.4 (36.9–38.4)
|
37.0 (36.6–37.3)
|
< 0.001
|
|
Highest pulse rate (beats per minute)
|
96 (84–101)
|
89 (80–98)
|
< 0.001
|
|
Highest respiratory rate (breaths per minute)
|
18 (17–18)
|
18 (17–18)
|
0.322
|
|
Lowest Sa02 level (%)
|
98 (96–99)
|
98 (97–99)
|
0.001
|
|
Lowest systolic blood pressure (mmHg)
|
117 (105–131)
|
122 (111–133)
|
< 0.001
|
|
Lowest diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)
|
65 (58–75)
|
68 (62–77)
|
0.010
|
