Oral colonisation by antimicrobial-resistant Gram-negative bacteria among long-term care facility residents: prevalence, risk factors, and molecular epidemiology

Table 1 Clinical characteristics of patients and risk factors associated with oral colonisation by resistant bacteria

Variable	Subjects with ARB-positive, n = 37	Subjects with ARB-negative, n = 61	Univariate analysis		P-value
Variable	n (%)		OR	95% CI
Age ≥ 90 years, n (%)	12 (32.4)	13 (21.3)	1.77	0.71–4.45	0.22
Male sex, n (%)	14 (37.8)	15 (24.6)	1.87	0.77–4.52	0.16
Ward, n (%)					0.92
1^st floor	10 (27.0)	17 (27.9)	0.96	0.38–2.40	0.93
2^nd floor	14 (37.8)	25 (41.0)	0.88	0.38–2.03	0.76
3^rd floor	13 (35.1)	19 (31.1)	1.20	0.50–2.85	0.68
Dementia	15 (40.5)	31 (50.8)	0.66	0.29–1.51	0.32
Strokes (cerebral infarction/ cerebral haemorrhage)	16 (43.2)	11 (18.0)	3.46	1.38–8.70	0.007^**
Cardiovascular diseases	15 (40.5)	19 (31.1)	1.51	0.64–3.53	0.34
Diabetes	10 (27.0)	10 (16.4)	1.89	0.70–5.10	0.21
Cancers	1 (2.7)	5 (8.2)			0.40^a
Fractures	5 (13.5)	11 (18.0)	0.71	0.23–2.24	0.56
Arthropathy	2 (5.4)	2 (3.3)			0.63^a
Dysarthria or dysphagia	13 (35.1)	12 (19.7)	2.21	0.88–5.57	0.09
Inappropriate oral care	18 (48.6)	26 (42.6)	1.28	0.56–2.90	0.56
Denture wearing	24 (64.9)	32 (52.5)	1.67	0.72–3.88	0.23
Percutaneous endoscopic gastrotomy tubes (PEG tubes)	6 (16.2)	0 (0.0)			0.002^a,**

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