|
Variable
|
Nosocomial
|
HCA
|
CA
|
P-value
|
|---|
|
(n = 98)
|
(n = 195)
|
(n = 86)
|
HCA versus Nosocomial
|
CA versus Nosocomial
|
CA versus HCA
|
|---|
|
Age (years)
| | | | | | |
|
≤ 1
|
21 (21.4%)
|
12 (6.2%)
|
5 (5.8%)
|
0.000
|
0.002
|
0.912
|
|
2–10
|
10 (10.2%)
|
5 (2.6%)
|
1 (1.2%)
|
0.005
|
0.010
|
0.671
|
|
11–18
|
8 (8.2%)
|
1 (0.5%)
|
2 (2.3%)
|
0.001
|
0.107
|
0.223
|
|
19–59
|
34 (34.7%)
|
89 (45.6%)
|
48 (55.8%)
|
0.073
|
0.004
|
0.116
|
|
≥ 60
|
25 (25.5%)
|
88 (45.1%)
|
30 (34.9%)
|
0.001
|
0.166
|
0.109
|
|
Sex
| | | | | | |
|
Male
|
56 (57.1%)
|
131 (67.2%)
|
56 (65.1%)
|
0.092
|
0.269
|
0.736
|
|
Infection type
| | | | | | |
|
Respiratory tract
|
23 (23.5%)
|
66 (33.9%)
|
18 (20.9%)
|
0.068
|
0.68
|
0.029
|
|
Bloodstream
|
45 (45.9%)
|
35 (18.0%)
|
7 (8.1%)
|
0.000
|
0.000
|
0.034
|
|
Urinary tract
|
9 (9.2%)
|
46 (23.6%)
|
18 (20.9%)
|
0.003
|
0.025
|
0.624
|
|
Cerebra
|
5 (5.1%)
|
3 (1.5%)
|
0 (0.0%)
|
0.123
|
0.034
|
0.555
|
|
Skin and soft tissue
|
3 (3.1%)
|
16 (8.2%)
|
22 (25.6%)
|
0.092
|
0.000
|
0.000
|
|
Oral cavity
|
5 (5.1%)
|
3 (1.5%)
|
1 (1.2%)
|
0.123
|
0.217
|
1.000
|
|
Other
|
8 (8.2%)
|
16 (8.2%)
|
11 (12.8%)
|
0.990
|
0.303
|
0.229
|
|
liver
|
0 (0.0%)
|
1 (0.5%)
|
4 (4.7%)
|
1.000
|
0.031
|
0.032
|
|
Biliary tract
|
0 (0.0%)
|
9 (4.6%)
|
5 (5.8%)
|
0.032
|
0.016
|
0.767
|
|
Underlying disease
| | | | | | |
|
Solid tumor
|
7 (7.1%)
|
20 (10.3%)
|
5 (5.8%)
|
0.385
|
0.716
|
0.264
|
|
Diabetes mellitus
|
8 (8.2%)
|
34 (17.4%)
|
24 (27.9%)
|
0.033
|
0.000
|
0.055
|
|
Pulmonary disease
|
1 (1.0%)
|
7 (3.6%)
|
5 (5.8%)
|
0.276
|
0.099
|
0.522
|
|
Hematological malignancy
|
25 (25.5%)
|
23 (11.8%)
|
3 (3.5%)
|
0.003
|
0.000
|
0.027
|
|
Brain tumor
|
10 (10.2%)
|
7 (3.6%)
|
2 (2.3%)
|
0.022
|
0.031
|
0.727
|
|
Cerebral vascular disease
|
13 (13.3%)
|
47 (24.1%)
|
10 (11.6%)
|
0.030
|
0.738
|
0.017
|
|
Hepatobiliary disease
|
7 (7.1%)
|
13 (6.7%)
|
8 (9.3%)
|
0.879
|
0.593
|
0.439
|
|
Chronic kidney disease
|
4 (4.1%)
|
21 (10.8%)
|
7 (8.1%)
|
0.053
|
0.247
|
0.498
|
|
Cardiovascular disease
|
4 (4.1%)
|
20 (10.3%)
|
5 (5.8%)
|
0.069
|
0.736
|
0.228
|
|
Hypertension
|
18 (18.4%)
|
61 (31.3%)
|
17 (19.8%)
|
0.019
|
0.852
|
0.047
|
|
Immunosuppression
|
29 (29.6%)
|
38 (19.5%)
|
6 (7.0%)
|
0.052
|
0.000
|
0.008
|
|
Prior antibiotic exposure
| | | | | | |
|
Any antibiotic
|
53 (54.1%)
|
115 (59.0%)
|
0 (0.0%)
|
0.424
|
0.000
|
0.000
|
|
1st or 2nd generation cephalosporin
|
6 (6.1%)
|
7 (3.6%)
|
0 (0.0%)
|
–
|
–
|
–
|
|
3rd or 4th Generation cephalosporin
|
10 (10.2%)
|
17 (8.7%)
|
0 (0.0%)
|
–
|
–
|
–
|
|
β-lactam and β-lactamase inhibitor
|
14 (14.3%)
|
19 (9.7%)
|
0 (0.0%)
|
–
|
–
|
–
|
|
Carbapenem
|
17 (17.4%)
|
21 (10.8%)
|
0 (0.0%)
|
–
|
–
|
–
|
|
Fluoroquinolone
|
2 (2.0%)
|
5 (2.6%)
|
0 (0.0%)
|
–
|
–
|
–
|
|
Aminoglycoside
|
2 (2.0%)
|
3 (1.5%)
|
0 (0.0%)
|
–
|
–
|
–
|
|
Tigecycline
|
3 (3.1%)
|
3 (1.5%)
|
0 (0.0%)
|
–
|
–
|
–
|
|
Glycopeptide
|
7 (7.1%)
|
12 (6.2%)
|
0 (0.0%)
|
–
|
–
|
–
|
|
Metronidazole
|
0 (0.0%)
|
1 (0.5%)
|
0 (0.0%)
|
–
|
–
|
–
|
|
30-day crude mortality
|
19 (19.4%)
|
24 (12.3%)
|
4 (4.7%)
|
0.106
|
0.003
|
0.048
|
- Data are presented as number (%)
- Other included renal drainage fluid, amniotic fluid, ascites, and pleural fluid specimen
- Bold values suggest statistical significance
- − not applicable
