Temporal trends, risk factors and outcomes of infections due to extended-spectrum β-lactamase producing Enterobacterales in Swiss solid organ transplant recipients between 2012 and 2018

Table 3 Management and outcome of infections caused by non-extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)- and ESBL-producing Enterobacterales

	Cases (N = 51)	Controls (N = 51)	p value^a
Management
Hospital admission if community onset, N (%)	14 (43.8%)	16 (50.0%)	0.99
Length of stay after infection (median, IQR)	18 (8.2–30)	9 (3–24)	0.10
On intensive care after infection onset, N (%)	8 (23.5%)	9 (25.7%)	1.00
Days on intensive care (median, IQR)	5.5 (4–16)	3 (2–11)	0.38
Infectious diseases consult, N (%)	27 (52.9%)	22 (43.1%)	0.43
Initially	21 (41.2%)	16 (31.4%)	0.41
Upon microbiology results	18 (35.3%)	19 (37.3%)	1.00
Antibiotics (30 days after infection), N (%)
Adequate empiric therapy^b	16 (35.6%)	34 (75.6%)	< 0.001
Inadequate BL/BLI^c	10 (22.7%)	1 (2.3%)	0.004
Inadequate ceftriaxone/ceftazidime	2 (4.5%)	0 (0%)	0.15
Inadequate ciprofloxacin	5 (11.4%)	1 (2.3%)	0.09
No therapy before day 2	11 (21.5%)	8 (18.2%)	0.44
Outcome
Re-admission, N (%)	15 (29.4%)	14 (27.5%)	1.00
Due to infection	12 (23.5%)	8 (15.7%)	0.35
Unfavourable outcome within 90 days, N (%)	24 (47.1%)	9 (17.6%)	0.003
Relapse	20 (39.2%)	5 (9.8%)	0.001
Graft loss	1 (2.0%)	4 (7.8%)	0.36
Death	4 (7.8%)	3 (5.9%)	1.00

ESBL extended-spectrum beta-lactamase, IQR interquartile range, BL/BLI beta-lactam/beta-lactamase-inhibitor
^aChi-square or Fisher’s exact test for dichotomous variables, as appropriate; Mann–Whitney U for continuous variables
^bAdministered within two days after infection diagnosis
^cInadequate BL/BLI were all piperacillin/tazobactam except for one case who received amoxicillin/clavulanic acid

ISSN: 2047-2994