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Table 7 Factors associated with hospital-acquired infections

From: Genetic mechanisms and correlated risk factors of antimicrobial-resistant ESKAPEE pathogens isolated in a tertiary hospital in Malaysia

Organism

Risk factor*

P-value

OR

95% CI

Lower

Upper

Enterococcus spp.

Gender

0.0757

–

–

–

Ampicillin resistance

0.0757

3.13

0.86

11.37

Streptomycin resistance

0.01431

–

–

–

S. aureus

MDR

0.014

–

–

–

Clindamycin/Erythromycin resistance

0.014

–

–

–

Cefoxitin/Oxacillin resistance

 < 0.001

7.62

1.36

42.71

Linezolid/Rifampicin/Vancomycin resistance

 < 0.001

–

–

–

AMR genes

0.02

–

–

–

K. pneumoniae

Gender

0.06136

–

–

–

Race

0.1082

–

–

–

Ciprofloxacin resistance

0.1

–

–

–

Imipenem resistance

0.1285

–

–

–

Colistin resistance

 < 0.001

–

–

–

A. baumannii

Imipenem/Piperacillin-tazobactam/Colistin resistance

 < 0.001

–

–

–

AMR genes

0.1185

–

–

–

P. aeruginosa

Ceftazidime resistance

0.01721

5.04

1.24

20.43

Cefotaxime resistance

0.05676

–

–

–

Imipenem resistance

0.1083

–

–

–

Meropenem resistance

0.0468

–

–

–

AMR Genes

0.113

–

–

–

Enterobacter spp.

Amikacin resistance

0.1025

–

–

–

Ceftazidime resistance

0.0611

–

–

–

Ceftriaxone/Cefotaxime resistance

0.0379

7.50

0.87

64.36

E. coli

Gender

0.1056

–

–

–

MDR

0.09166

–

–

–

Piperacillin-tazobactam resistance

0.09584

–

–

–

  1. *AMR: antimicrobial resistance; MDR: multidrug resistance; OR: odds ratios; CI: confidence interval