Table 2 Knowledge of antibiotic prescriptions and antimicrobial resistance among physicians in Nigeria
| Â | Knowledge questions | % Correct |
|---|---|---|
A | Awareness of antibiotic use and resistance | Â |
| Â | Have you previously heard about any of the following? | Â |
1 | Rational antibiotic use | 89.6 |
2 | Antibiotic resistance | 97.7 |
3 | Antibiotic stewardship program | 40.6 |
4 | Antibiogram | 45.3 |
5 | Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) | 83.2 |
6 | Vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VRSA) | 74.2 |
7 | Extended spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) | 65.3 |
8 | Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) | 48.9 |
|  | Overall % correct—median (IQR) = 75 (62.5, 87.5) |  |
B | Knowledge of rational antibiotic use | Â |
| Â | Concerning antibiotic use which of the following statements are correct? | Â |
9 | Antibiotics should not be used to treat non-bacterial infections | 76.6 |
10 | Antibiotics may be used to treat common cold | 71.5 |
11 | Antibiotics should be avoided in cases of acute diarrhoea | 51.5 |
12 | Antibiotics should be stopped as soon as patient symptoms resolve | 84.1 |
13 | Antibiotics should only be stopped after completing recommended doses | 85.4 |
14 | Parenteral antibiotics are more effective than oral antibiotics | 49 |
15 | Prophylactic surgical antibiotic should be discontinued after 24hours | 39.4 |
16 | Prophylactic surgical antibiotic should not be given for less than 3Â days | 47.1 |
|  | Overall % correct—median (IQR) = 62.5 (50, 75) |  |
C | Knowledge of definition of AMR | Â |
17 | Antibiotic resistance means the micro-organism is resistant to the antibiotic | 69.3 |
D | Knowledge of causes of AMR | Â |
| Â | The following are known to promote emergence of antibiotic resistance? | Â |
18 | Widespread use of antibiotics | 90 |
19 | Use of broad-spectrum antibiotics | 56.6 |
20 | Antibiotic use in animal husbandry | 41.5 |
21 | Antibiotic use in farming | 39.7 |
22 | Poor practice of hand hygiene in hospitals | 47.7 |
23 | Prescribing parenteral antibiotics | 62.6 |
24 | Lack of antibiotics prescribing guidelines | 91.8 |
25 | Microbial mutations | 94.3 |
26 | Premature interruption of antibiotics | 92.7 |
27 | Use of antibiotics to treat common cold | 74.5 |
28 | Vaccination | 74.5 |
|  | Overall % correct—median (IQR) = 72.7 (63.6, 81.8) |  |