Fig. 2
AMR phenotypes, AMR genes and plasmid replicons. All but one strain displayed resistance to at least three antimicrobial classes. There was no phenotypic or genotypic resistance to imipenem, however, one strain (Zam_UTH_40) exhibited phenotypic resistance to colistin. A total of 12 AMR gene classes were identified. Within the β-lactamase gene class, the blaCTX-M family showed the most diversity, with blaCTX-M-15 being the most common variant. Most blaCTX-M genes were located on plasmids, however, 7/45 (15.6%) strains harbored the genes on the chromosome. A total of 24 plasmid replicons were detected, with the most prevalent being IncFIB(AP001918)_1, which was present in 30/46 (65.2%) strains. Hierarchical clustering showed aggregation of strains of the same ST. Cefotaxime (CTX) is not shown here since all strains were selected using CTX. AMP; ampicillin. CHL; chloramphenicol. CIP; ciprofloxacin. CST; colistin. DOX; doxycycline. GEN; gentamicin. IPM; imipenem. NAL; nalidixic acid. NIT; nitrofurantoin