Table 3 Multivariate analysis for risk factors predictive of subsequent bacteremia among hospitalized patients carrying vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium
Variables | Total (n = 221) | Univariate analysis | Multivariable analysis | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
HR (95% CI) | P value | HR (95% CI) | P value | ||
Virulence factors | |||||
Sequence type 17 | 52 (23.5) | 1.78 (0.65–4.91) | 0.264 | 7.14 (1.83–27.83) | 0.005 |
esp+hyl+ | 179 (80.9) | 1.10 (0.31–3.86) | 0.883 | ||
Age/sex/BMI | |||||
Age ≥ 60 years | 132 (59.7) | 0.34 (0.12–0.99) | 0.048* | ||
Male | 132 (59.7) | 0.74 (0.28–1.98) | 0.549 | ||
BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 | 48 (21.7) | 0.51 (0.12–2.27) | 0.379 | ||
Underlying condition | |||||
Decompensated LC | 36 (16.3) | 1.16 (0.33–4.09) | 0.813 | ||
AKI requiring RRT | 38 (17.2) | 3.07 (1.06–8.92) | 0.039 | ||
Diabetes mellitus | 57 (25.8) | 0.74 (0.21–2.59) | 0.636 | ||
Metastatic cancer | 67 (30.3) | 0.38 (0.09–1.67) | 0.200 | ||
Hematologic malignancy | 44 (19.9) | 10.45 (3.78–29.07) | < 0.001 | 20.97 (5.01–87.82) | < 0.001 |
Liver transplantation | 15 (6.8) | 2.58 (0.73–9.06) | 0.141 | 40.08 (4.87–329.76) | 0.001 |
Neutropenia | 42 (19.0) | 8.86 (3.21–24.42) | < 0.001 | ||
CCI ≥ 3 | 123 (55.7) | 1.25 (0.46–3.37) | 0.660 | ||
Invasive procedure/ICU | |||||
Central venous catheter | 124 (56.1) | 3.04 (0.98–9.43) | 0.055 | ||
Artificial airway | 57 (25.8) | 0.92 (0.33–2.73) | 0.945 | ||
Intra-abdominal surgery | 21 (9.5) | 1.86 (0.53–6.55) | 0.332 | ||
Parenteral nutrition | 114 (51.6) | 1.82 (0.66–5.03) | 0.246 | ||
ICU Stay | 157 (71.0) | 1.59 (0.51–4.95) | 0.424 | ||
Previous antibiotic use | |||||
Ampicillin | 29 (13.1) | 0.31 (0.04–2.38) | 0.261 | ||
Glycopeptide | 121 (54.8) | 6.39 (1.45–28.17) | 0.014 | ||
3rd- or 4th-generation cephalosporin | 84 (38.0) | 1.26 (0.47–3.37) | 0.642 | ||
Carbapenem | 123 (55.7) | 4.35 (1.23–15.36) | 0.022 | ||
Piperacillin/tazobactam | 132 (59.7) | 1.04 (0.36–2.77) | 0.994 | ||
Metronidazole | 33 (14.9) | 2.40 (0.83–6.91) | 0.105 | ||
Fluoroquinolone | 68 (30.8) | 0.48 (0.14–1.69) | 0.221 | ||
Aminoglycoside | 20 (9.0) | 1.19 (0.27–5.25) | 0.816 | ||
Linezolid | 16 (7.2) | 2.61 (0.74–9.17) | 0.134 | ||