Table 3 Literature review of deep surgical site infections (SSI), other healthcare-associated infections (HAI) and hand hygiene performances during the first lockdown for pandemic Covid-19 (limited to publications with own observed data)
Journal | First author | Before lockdown | During lockdown | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Reduced SSI or HAI | ||||
Asian Annals | Hussain et al. [15] | 2.9% | 0.8% | Sternal wound SSI after cardiac surgery |
Updates Surg | Losurdo et al. [14] | 3.4% | 0.8% | General surgery in Trieste, Italy |
J Neurol Sci | Cerulli Irelli et al. [26] | 31.5% | 23.3% | All HAI together in Stroke Units in Italy |
Am J Infect Control | Wee et al. [17] | Baseline 100% | 24% | Reduced catheter-related bacteremias |
Am J Infect Control | Bentivegna et al. [28] | Baseline 100% | 50–71% | Reduction of Clostridium difficile |
Infect Control Hospital Epid | Ponce-Alonso et al. [27] | Baseline 100% | 30% | Reduction of Clostridium difficile |
Stable SSI or HAI | ||||
Int J Infect Dis | Lo et al. [16] | Baseline | Baseline | All HAI together. Not quantified |
J Orthop Surg Res | Zeng et al. [18] | 1.0% | 1.0% | SSI orthopaedic surgery in Shenzen, China |
Increased HAI | ||||
Am J Infect Control | McMullen et al. [19] | Baseline 100% | 157–279% | Increase in urinary tract infections |
Am J Infect Control | McMullen et al. [19] | Baseline 100% | 327–420% | Catheter-related bloodstream infections |
Hand hygiene compliances | ||||
Am J Infect Control | Moore et al. [25] | 46% compliance | 56% compliance | No data on HAI or SSI; 19 hospitals in USA |
Clin Microbiol Infect | Israel et al. [6] | 46% compliance | 80% compliance | No data on HAI or SSI; Covid-Units in Jerusalem |
J Primary Care Comm Health | Roshan et al. [7] | unreported baseline | 80–95% | No data on HAI or SSI. Mention of their reduction |
Am J Infect Control | Wee et al. [17] | 85% | 100% | Reduction of selected HAI and of MRSA transmission |