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Table 5 Associations between antibiotic resistance and consumption of ASF

From: Animal source food eating habits of outpatients with antimicrobial resistance in Bukavu, D.R. Congo

ASF

Consumption level

n (%)

Univariable

Multivariable

O.R. (95% C.I.)

P value

O.R. (95% C.I.)

P value

Ciprofloxacin

Beef

Low

132 (62.0)

0.875 (0.381 – 2.011)

0.753

0.737 (0.542–1.002)

0.051

 

High

67 (31.5)

Reference

 

Reference

 

Chicken

Low

172 (80.8)

1.689 (0.505 – 5.645)

0.395

1.414 (0.965 – 2.071)

0.076

 

High

26 (12.2)

Reference

 

Reference

 

Goat meat

Low

126 (59.2)

0.800 (0.304 – 2.106)

0.651

0.996 (0.716 – 1.385)

0.981

 

High

40 (18.8)

Reference

 

Reference

 

Pork

Low

55 (25.8)

0.378 (0.128 – 1.112)

0.077

0.743 (0.560 – 0.985)

0.039

 

High

76 (35.7)

Reference

 

Reference

 

Milk

Low

70 (32.9)

1.412 (0.528 – 3.774)

0.492

0.915 (0.680 – 1.230)

0.556

 

High

135 (63.4)

Reference

 

Reference

 

Gentamicin

Beef

Low

19 (46.3)

0.921 (0.333 – 2.545)

0.874

0.839 (0.597 – 1.179)

0.311

 

High

22 (53.7)

Reference

 

Reference

 

Chicken

Low

35 (85.4)

3.214 (0.626 – 16.506)

0.162

1.176 (0.757 – 1.827)

0.470

 

High

6 (14.6)

Reference

 

Reference

 

Goat meat

Low

32 (78.0)

0.914 (0.236 – 3.539)

0.897

0.849 (0.569 – 1.266)

0.422

 

High

9 (22.0)

Reference

 

Reference

 

Pork

Low

21 (51.2)

1.705 (0.507 – 5.729)

0.389

0.954 (0.677 – 1.343)

0.787

 

High

20 (48.8)

Reference

 

Reference

 

Milk

Low

13 (31.7)

0.234 (0.059 – 0.924)

0.038

0.717 (0.499 – 1.030)

0.072

 

High

28 (68.3)

Reference

 

Reference

 

Levofloxacin

Beef

Low

16 (50)

1.005 (0.355 – 2.843)

0.993

0.690 (0.533 – 0.893)

0.005

 

High

16 (50)

Reference

 

Reference

 

Chicken

Low

28 (87.5)

1.062 (0.286 – 3.945)

0.929

1.965 (1.370– 2.820)

0.0001

 

High

4 (12.5)

Reference

 

Reference

 

Goat meat

Low

25 (78.1)

2.133 (0.483 – 9.379)

0.316

1.293 (0.950 – 1.758)

0.102

 

High

7 (21.9)

Reference

 

Reference

 

Pork

Low

15 (46.9)

0.185 (0.033 – 1.020)

0.053

0.828 (0.648 – 1.058)

0.132

 

High

17 (53.1)

Reference

 

Reference

 

Milk

Low

10 (31.3)

3.294 (0.962 – 11.282)

0.058

1.257 (0.951 – 1.660)

0.108

 

High

22 (68.8)

Reference

 

Reference

 

Ceftriaxone – cefotaxime

Beef

Low

18 (51.4)

1.905 (0.553 – 6.555)

0.307

1.190 (0.934 – 1.516)

0.160

 

High

17 (48.6)

Reference

 

Reference

 

Chicken

Low

33 (94.3)

2.059 (0.220 – 19.251)

0.527

0.899 (0.536 – 1.507)

0.685

 

High

2 (5.7)

Reference

 

Reference

 

Goat meat

Low

24 (68.6)

0.149 (0.033 – 0.667)

0.013

0.618 (0.471 – 0.812)

0.001

 

High

11 (31.4)

Reference

 

Reference

 

Pork

Low

16 (45.7)

0.265 (0.046 – 1.517)

0.136

0.808 (0.631 – 1.034)

0.091

 

High

19 (54.3)

Reference

 

Reference

 

Milk

Low

6 (17.1)

0.897 (0.160 – 5.023)

0.902

1.009 (0.726 – 1.401)

0.958

 

High

29 (82.9)

Reference

 

Reference

 
  1. Reference: 1; OR: Odds Ratio; CI: Confidence Interval; Bold text is for statistical significance; P-value based on 0.05 Significance level