Increasing incidence and antimicrobial resistance in Escherichia coli bloodstream infections: a multinational population-based cohort study

Table 1 Multivariable negative binomial regression model results estimating associations between explanatory variables and E. coli BSI rates^a,b

Variable	aIRR	95% CI	p-value
Region			< 0.001
Finland	1.00	Referent
Calgary	0.71	0.65–0.77	< 0.001
Canberra	0.71	0.65–0.79	< 0.001
Sherbrooke	0.86	0.77–0.96	< 0.001
Skaraborg	1.05	0.96–1.15	0.312
Western interior	0.73	0.65–0.82	< 0.001
Sex
Female	1.00	Referent
Male	0.74^c	0.67–0.80	< 0.001
Age category
< 70-years-old	1.00	Referent
≥ 70-years-old	9.37^c	8.63–10.19	< 0.001
Interaction—sex and age
Male and ≥ 70	1.39^c	1.23–1.57	< 0.001

BSI Bloodstream infection; aIRR Adjusted incidence rate ratio; CI Confidence interval
^aOverdispersion parameter 0.014, 95% CI:0.008–0.025, p < 0.001
^bModel fit the data based on normally distributed Anscombe residuals and non-significant deviance goodness-of-fit test (p = 0.24)
^cExponentiated coefficients are not true aOR due to interaction term—see contrasts in Table 2

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