Risk factors for colonization with multiple species of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producing Enterobacterales: a case-case–control study

Table 2 Univariable and multivariable analyses of potential predictors of colonization with multiple species of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacterales (ESBL-PE)-comparison of case group 1^a and control group 3^a

	Univariable analyses			Multivariable analyses^b
	OR	95%CI	p-value	OR	95%CI	p-value
Age	0.99	0.97–1.01	0.204
Female sex	0.89	0.45–1.75	0.730
Admission from nursing-home / long-term healthcare	1.23	0.32–4.80	0.766
Admission from other acute care facility	2.37	0.84–6.67	0.103
Recent hospitalization^c	1.50	0.71–3.13	0.291
Recent ICU stay^c	1.45	0.59–3.56	0.413
Travel^c	12.3	3.49–43.37	< 0.001	12.57	3.48–45.45	< 0.001
Hospitalization abroad^c	23.51	3.03–182.21	0.003
Charlson Comorbidity Index	0.96	0.81–1.14	0.632
Solid organ transplantation	0.76	0.20–2.97	0.695
Urinary catheterization^d	0.74	0.32–1.69	0.470
Vascular hardware^e	2	0.35–11.31	0.433
Recent surgery^f	0.89	0.43–1.85	0.759
Active open wounds^g	0.70	0.23–2.14	0.533
Prior antibiotic therapy^h	2.88	1.42–5.84	0.003	2.96	1.37–6.41	0.006
Immunosuppressive therapy^c	0.96	0.45–2.04	0.912
Proton-pump inhibitor therapy^h	1.19	0.60–2.38	0.616

Bold represents statistically significant (p-values ≤ 0.05)
^aGroup 1 = patients with multiple species of ESBL-PE within one hospitalization, Group 3 = control patients with colonization of one species of ESBL-PE within different hospitalizations
^bMultivariable analyses included the variables travel, hospitalization abroad, prior antibiotic therapy. Only variables identified by stepwise logistic regression using stepwise forward and backward selection as well as Akaike information criterion are presented in the table
^cWithin the past 12 months
^dTransurethral or suprapubic within 30 days prior to index sample
^eIn place for at least 7 days prior to index sample
^fWithin the past 6 months
^gDiabetic ulcers, decubitus ulcers, or other draining wounds
^hWithin 3 months prior to index sample

ISSN: 2047-2994