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Table 3 New methods for duodenoscope reprocessing

From: A narrative review on current duodenoscope reprocessing techniques and novel developments

Method

Phase of development

Advantages

Disadvantages

References

Single-use duodenoscope

Implemented

No need for reprocessing, non-toxic

High costs, quality of duodenoscope

[96,97,98]

Bioburden assays

Implemented

Quick and easy to use

Lack of correlation with microbial culture

[99,100,101,102,103]

Electrolyzed acidic water

Endoscope tested

No biofilm fixation, non-toxic

Preparation on site needed

[104,105,106,107,108,109,110]

Vaporized hydrogen peroxide plasma

Endoscope tested

No aeration needed, non-toxic

Material incompatibility

[73, 79, 111,112,113,114,115]

Cavitation

Not tested

Potentially effective against biofilm, non-toxic

No disinfecting properties

[116]

Methylene blue photodynamic therapy

Model tested

Effective against biofilm, limited toxicity

Practical application lacking

[117]

Plasma-activated gas

Model tested

Non-toxic

Short-lived effect

[118]