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Table 1 Swabbing sites in the ‘Patient experiment’ for all three runs

From: Silica nanoparticles with encapsulated DNA (SPED) to trace the spread of pathogens in healthcare

 

Sampling sites before deployment of SPED at baseline

Sampling sites immediately after toilet sequence

Sampling sites after eight-hour interval

Patient skin

Subgluteal skin patient A

X

X

 

Hands/palms patient A

X

 

X

Subgluteal skin patient B

X

X

 

Hands/palms patient B

X

 

X

Restroom

Toilet seat after patient A

X

X

 

Flush plate after patient A

X

X

 

Tap handle after patient A

X

X

 

Door handle after patient A

X

X

 

Toilet seat after patient B

X

X

 

Flush plate after patient B

X

X

 

Tap handle after patient B

X

X

 

Door handle after patient B

X

X

 

Patient room

Bed control patient A

X

 

X

Private phone patient A*

X

 

X

Entertainment device patient A†

X

 

X

Intravenous pump patient A

X

 

X

Bed control patient B

X

 

X

Private phone patient B*

X

 

X

Entertainment device patient B†

X

 

X

Intravenous pump patient B

X

 

X

Nurse’s office

Nurse’s mobile phone

X

 

X

Nurse’s office keyboard

X

 

X

Doctor’s office

Doctor’s mobile phone

X

 

X

Doctor’s office Keyboard

X

 

X

  1. SPED silica nanoparticles with encapsulated DNA
  2. *The patients’ private mobile phone was swapped if available, otherwise the beside phone provided by hospital
  3. †The most used device was assessed (among tablet, e-reader, laptop, hospital bedside TV): Run 1 A: tablet, B: bedside hospital TV; Run 2 A: e-reader, B: bedside hospital TV; Run 3 A: tablet, B: bedside hospital TV