From: Silica nanoparticles with encapsulated DNA (SPED) to trace the spread of pathogens in healthcare
 | Sampling sites before deployment of SPED at baseline | Sampling sites immediately after toilet sequence | Sampling sites after eight-hour interval |
---|---|---|---|
Patient skin | |||
Subgluteal skin patient A | X | X | Â |
Hands/palms patient A | X | Â | X |
Subgluteal skin patient B | X | X | Â |
Hands/palms patient B | X | Â | X |
Restroom | |||
Toilet seat after patient A | X | X | Â |
Flush plate after patient A | X | X | Â |
Tap handle after patient A | X | X | Â |
Door handle after patient A | X | X | Â |
Toilet seat after patient B | X | X | Â |
Flush plate after patient B | X | X | Â |
Tap handle after patient B | X | X | Â |
Door handle after patient B | X | X | Â |
Patient room | |||
Bed control patient A | X | Â | X |
Private phone patient A* | X | Â | X |
Entertainment device patient A†| X |  | X |
Intravenous pump patient A | X | Â | X |
Bed control patient B | X | Â | X |
Private phone patient B* | X | Â | X |
Entertainment device patient B†| X |  | X |
Intravenous pump patient B | X | Â | X |
Nurse’s office | |||
Nurse’s mobile phone | X |  | X |
Nurse’s office keyboard | X |  | X |
Doctor’s office | |||
Doctor’s mobile phone | X |  | X |
Doctor’s office Keyboard | X |  | X |