Skip to main content

Table 3 Epidemiological data of CPE positive persons with an isolate cultured because of a presumed risk for carriage (screening) or a clinical indication (diagnostic) from the pathogen surveillance (Type-Ned CPE; sampling date 1 January 2017–30 June 2019) and of notifications (OSIRIS; sampling date 1 July–31 December 2019), the Netherlands

From: Epidemiology of carbapenem-resistant and carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales in the Netherlands 2017–2019

Characteristic

Reason for culturing

Screening (n = 462)a

Diagnostic (n = 192)b

Total (n = 660)c

n (%)

n (%)

n (%)

Sample taking locationd

 Inpatient departments (excluding Intensive Care Units)

174/348 (50.0)

67/138 (48.6)

241/487 (49.5)

 Outpatient departments

57/348 (16.4)

27/138 (19.6)

85/487 (17.5)

 Intensive Care Units

37/348 (10.6)

12/138 (8.7)

49/487 (10.0)

 Other/unknown

80/348 (23.0)

32/138 (23.2)

112/487 (23.0)

Residence

 Living independently

378 (81.8)

153 (79.7)

536 (81.2)

 Nursing or elderly home/facilities for small-scale housing for elderly

29 (6.3)

21 (10.9)

50 (7.6)

 Asylum seekers centre

17 (3.7)

1 (0.5)

18 (2.7)

 Rehabilitation centre

5 (1.1)

6 (3.1)

11 (1.7)

 Other/unknown

33 (7.1)

11 (5.7)

45 (6.8)

Underlying illnessd

 No underlying illness

164/348 (47.1)

64/138 (46.4)

228/487 (46.8)

 Malignancy/leukaemia or organ/bone marrow transplantation or immunosuppressive therapy (steroids/chemotherapy)

48/348 (13.8)

19/138 (13.8)

68/487 (14.0)

 Renal dialysis

13/348 (3.7)

5/138 (3.6)

18/487 (3.7)

 Other/unknown

123/348 (35.3)

50/138 (36.2)

173/487 (35.5)

Invasive medical procedure/diagnosticse

 No

53/114 (46.5)

28/54 (51.9)

82/173 (47.4)

 Surgery

24/114 (21.1)

13/54 (24.1)

39/173 (22.5)

 Other (including invasive procedure like endoscopy, cystoscopy, urinary catheter, renal dialysis)

31/114 (27.2)

11/54 (20.4)

43/173 (24.9)

 Unknown

6/114 (5.3)

2/54 (3.7)

9/173 (5.2)

Risk factorsf

 No known risk factor/unknown

94 (20.4)

134 (69.8)

232 (35.2)

 Hospitalization abroad for > 24 h during the previous two months

275 (59.5)

28 (14.6)

303 (45.9)

 Hospitalized in a country in:

   Western Asia (including Turkey)

64/275 (23.3)

10/28 (35.7)

74/303 (24.4)

   Northern Africa

64/275 (23.3)

7/28 (25.0)

71/303 (23.4)

   Southern Europe

53/275 (19.3)

4/28 (14.3)

57/303 (18.8)

   South Asia

36/275 (13.1)

2/28 (7.1)

38/303 (12.5)

   South-eastern Asia

19/275 (6.9)

1/28 (3.6)

20/303 (6.6)

   Western Europe

10/275 (3.6)

2/28 (7.1)

12/303 (4.0)

   Another region of the world/unknown

29/275 (10.6)

2/28 (7.1)

31/303 (10.2)

 Known CPE outbreak in own healthcare facility

26 (5.6)

4 (2.1)

30 (4.6)

 Contact with a hospital abroad in the last year in a different way than > 24 h during the previous two months

31 (6.7)

13 (6.8)

45 (6.8)

 Already known carrier of CPE

11 (2.4)

3 (1.6)

16 (2.4)

 Received care in a department of another healthcare facility with an ongoing outbreak of CPEg

14 (3.0)

2 (1.0)

16 (2.4)

 Travelling abroad in the past six/twelve months without hospitalization or visiting a hospitalh

13 (2.8)

8 (4.2)

22 (3.3)

  1. CPE carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales
  2. aNumbers and percentages are reported on person level with available questionnaire data for the characteristic (n = 462 as denominator) unless otherwise indicated
  3. bNumbers and percentages are reported on person level with available questionnaire data for the characteristic (n = 192 as denominator) unless otherwise indicated
  4. cNumbers and percentages are therefore reported on person level with n = 660 as denominator unless otherwise indicated. The total number includes 6 persons with an unknown/other reason for culturing in addition to the 462 screening and 192 diagnostic isolates (1 from Type-Ned CPE and 5 from OSIRIS)
  5. dThis information was only available for the questionnaires in the pathogen surveillance (Type-Ned CPE)
  6. eThis information was only available for the notification questionnaires in OSIRIS
  7. fThe total number for this characteristic is higher than the total number of persons presented in the table and the summed percentage is higher than 100% because for some persons more than one answer was registered
  8. gDefined in Type-Ned CPE as received care in a department of another healthcare facility with an ongoing outbreak of CPE in the previous two months; defined similarly in OSIRIS but without the addition of “in the previous two months”
  9. hDefined as in the past six months in Type-Ned CPE and in the past twelve months in OSIRIS
Back to article page

Antimicrobial Resistance & Infection Control

ISSN: 2047-2994

Contact us