Study | Effect Size | Heterogeneity | Test of ES = 0 |  | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Proportion | LCI | HCI | % Weight | chi2 | df | p | I2 | z | p | Between sub-groups | Egger | |
Amoxicillin | 0.68 | 0.31 | 0.96 | 100 | 25.55 | 2 | 0 | 92.17 | 4.65 | 0 | Â | 0.622 |
 2011–2020 | 0.58 | 0.45 | 0.71 | 66.45 |  | 1 |  |  | 11.7 | 0 |  |  |
 2001–2010 | 0.81 | 0.64 | 0.93 | 33.55 |  | 0 |  |  | 11.67 | 0 |  |  |
 HQ | 0.58 | 0.45 | 0.71 | 66.45 |  | 0 |  |  | 11.7 | 0 |  |  |
 LQ | 0.81 | 0.64 | 0.93 | 33.55 |  | 1 |  |  | 11.67 | 0 |  |  |
Ciprofloxacin | 0 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 15.29 | 14 | 0.36 | 8.41 | 0 | 1 | Â | 0.465 |
 2011–2020 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 65.8 | 2.22 | 8 | 0.97 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0.03 |  |
 2001–2010 | 0.02 | 0 | 0.07 | 34.2 | 7.15 | 5 | 0.21 | 0.3009 | 1.42 | 0.16 |  |  |
 Africa | 0 | 0 | 0.03 | 45.87 | 7.27 | 6 | 0.3 | 0.1742 | 0.88 | 0.38 | 0.67 |  |
 Asia | 0 | 0 | 0.03 | 35.01 | 5.49 | 4 | 0.24 | 0.2716 | 0 | 1 |  |  |
 America | 0 | 0 | 0.02 | 19.11 |  | 2 |  | .% | 0 | 1 |  |  |
 HQ | 0 | 0 | 0 | 91.48 | 14.01 | 13 | 0.37 | 0.0722 | 0 | 0.16 | 0.3 |  |
 LQ | 0.03 | 0 | 0.16 | 8.52 |  | 0 |  | .% | 1.42 | 1 |  |  |
Erythromycin | 0.28 | 0.04 | 0.6 | 100 | 24.64 | 4 | 0 | 83.77 | 2.75 | 0.01 | Â | 0.546 |
 2011–2020 | 0.2 | 0 | 0.64 | 76.92 | 20.46 | 3 | 0 | 0.8534 | 1.62 | 0.1 | 0.21 |  |
 2001–2010 | 0.5 | 0.32 | 0.68 | 23.08 |  | 0 |  | % | 7.96 | 0 |  |  |
 Africa | 0.44 | 0.07 | 0.84 | 60.05 |  | 2 |  | % | 2.84 | 0 | 0.14 |  |
 Asia | 0.12 | 0.01 | 0.28 | 39.95 |  | 1 |  | % | 2.6 | 0.01 |  |  |
 HQ | 0.2 | 0 | 0.64 | 76.92 | 20.46 | 3 | 0 | 0.8534 | 1.62 | 0.10 | 0.21 |  |
 LQ | 0.5 | 0.32 | 0.68 | 23.08 |  | 0 |  | % | 7.96 | 0 |  |  |
Furazolidone | 0.62 | 0.2 | 0.96 | 100 | 187.93 | 6 | 0 | 96.81 | 3.65 | 0 | Â | 0.894 |
 2011–2021 | 0.69 | 0.59 | 0.79 | 29.5 |  | 1 |  | % | 16.62 | 0 | 0.69 |  |
 2001–2011 | 0.6 | 0.13 | 0.98 | 70.5 | 83.94 | 4 | 0 | 0.9523 | 3.04 | 0 |  |  |
 Africa | 0.77 | 0.14 | 1 | 44.17 |  | 2 |  | % | 2.88 | 0 | 0 |  |
 Asia | 0.97 | 0.78 | 1 | 26.98 |  | 1 |  | % | 8.86 | 0 |  |  |
 America | 0.16 | 0.07 | 0.27 | 28.85 |  | 1 |  | % | 4.71 | 0 |  |  |
 HQ | 0.55 | 0.1 | 0.96 | 85.34 | 163.58 | 5 | 0 | 0.9694 | 13.75 | 0 | 0.07 |  |
 LQ | 0.94 | 0.79 | 0.99 | 14.66 |  | 0 |  | % | 2.9 | 0 |  |  |
Tetracycline | 0.14 | 0.03 | 0.29 | 100 | 91.39 | 11 | 0.00 | 87.96 | 3.24 | 0.00 | Â | 0.467 |
 2011–2021 | 0.14 | 0.01 | 0.36 | 74.17 | 87.55 | 8 | 0.00 | 90.86 | 2.40 | 0.02 |  |  |
 2001–2011 | 0.13 | 0.03 | 0.26 | 25.83 | 91.39 | 2 | 0.00 |  | 3.47 | 0.02 |  |  |
 Asia | 0.04 | 0.00 | 0.21 | 23.44 |  | 2 |  |  | 1.11 | 0.27 | 0.50 |  |
 Africa | 0.22 | 0.02 | 0.53 | 51.16 | 79.22 | 5 | 0.00 | 93.69 | 2.49 | 0.01 |  |  |
 America | 0.11 | 0.00 | 0.30 | 25.40 |  | 2 |  |  | 2.14 | 0.03 |  |  |
 HQ | 0.14 | 0.03 | 0.29 | 100 | 91.39 | 11 | 0.00 | 87.96 | 3.24 | 0.00 |  |  |
Doxycycline | 0.05 | 0 | 0.14 | 100 | 22.93 | 6 | 0 | 73.83 | 1.95 | 0.05 | Â | 0.577 |
 2011–2021 | 0.03 | 0 | 0.1 | 72.35 | 8.69 | 4 | 0.07 | 0.5397 | 1.56 | 0.12 | 0.02 |  |
 2001–2011 | 0.17 | 0.07 | 0.3 | 27.65 |  | 1 |  | % | 4.43 | 0 |  |  |
 Africa | 0.07 | 0 | 0.21 | 74.76 | 20.02 | 4 | 0 | 0.8002 | 2.11 | 0.03 | 0.18 |  |
 America | 0 | 0 | 0.07 | 25.24 |  | 1 |  | % | 0 | 1 |  |  |
 HQ | 0.28 | 0.14 | 0.47 | 15.81 | 8.9 | 5 | 0.11 | 0.4382 | 1.55 | 0.12 | 0 |  |
 LQ | 0.02 | 0 | 0.08 | 84.19 |  | 0 |  | % | 5.46 | 0 |  |  |
Chloramphenicol | 0.12 | 0.01 | 0.29 | 100 | 114.33 | 9 | 0 | 91.25 | 2.63 | 0.01 | Â | 0.401 |
 2011–2022 | 0.03 | 0 | 0.11 | 54.31 | 11.52 | 5 | 0.04 | 0.5661 | 1.96 | 0.05 | 0.16 |  |
 2001–2012 | 0.27 | 0 | 0.71 | 45.69 | 88.58 | 4 | 0 | 0.9548 | 2.07 | 0.04 |  |  |
 Africa | 0.11 | 0.01 | 0.25 | 64.21 |  | 0 |  | % | 2.77 | 0.01 | 0 |  |
 Asia | 1 | 0.74 | 1 | 8.56 | 37.47 | 6 | 0 | 0.8399 | 9.12 | 0 |  |  |
 America | 0 | 0 | 0.02 | 27.23 |  | 2 |  | % | 0 | 1 |  |  |
 HQ | 0.09 | 0 | 0.25 | 90.47 | 88.87 | 9 | 0 | 0.8987 | 2.23 | 0 | 0 |  |
 LQ | 0.47 | 0.29 | 0.65 | 9.53 |  | 0 |  | .% | 7.61 | 0.03 |  |  |
Nalidixic acid | 0.37 | 0.09 | 0.7 | 100 | 256.8 | 11 | 0 | 95.72 | 3.34 | 0 | Â | 0.527 |
 2011–2022 | 0.49 | 0.05 | 0.94 | 58.09 | 189.52 | 6 | 0 | 0.9683 | 2.54 | 0.01 | 0.29 |  |
 2001–2012 | 0.19 | 0.02 | 0.45 | 41.91 | 28.49 | 4 | 0 | 0.8596 | 2.54 | 0.01 |  |  |
 Africa | 0.4 | 0 | 0.91 | 34.4 | 119.93 | 3 | 0 | 0.975 | 2.04 | 0.04 |  |  |
 Asia | 0.35 | 0.01 | 0.81 | 40.08 | 37 | 4 | 0 | 0.8919 | 2.14 | 0.03 |  |  |
 America | 0.37 | 0 | 1 | 25.52 |  | 2 |  | % | 1.24 | 0.21 |  |  |
 HQ | 0.39 | 0.08 | 0.75 | 91.33 |  | 0 |  | % | 3.07 | 0 | 0.25 |  |
 LQ | 0.19 | 0.07 | 0.36 | 8.67 | 254.79 | 10 | 0 | 0.9608 | 4.24 | 0 |  |  |
Cotrimoxazole | 0.59 | 0.3 | 0.85 | 100 | 306.32 | 14 | 0 | 95.43 | 5.29 | 0 | Â | 0.74 |
 2011–2023 | 0.66 | 0.3 | 0.95 | 52.97 | 120.59 | 7 | 0 | 0.942 | 4.55 | 0 |  |  |
 2001–2013 | 0.51 | 0.11 | 0.89 | 47.03 | 143.9 | 6 | 0 | 0.9583 | 3.16 | 0 |  |  |
 Africa | 0.66 | 0.29 | 0.95 | 40.84 | 103.23 | 5 | 0 | 0.9516 | 4.49 | 0 | 0.84 |  |
 Asia | 0.63 | 0.21 | 0.97 | 38.72 | 51.84 | 5 | 0 | 0.9035 | 3.65 | 0 |  |  |
 America | 0.37 | 0 | 1 | 20.45 |  | 2 |  | .% | 1.24 | 0 |  |  |
 HQ | 0.56 | 0.26 | 0.84 | 93.04 | 281.9 | 13 | 0 | 0.9539 | 13.14 | 0 | 0.02 |  |
 LQ | 0.91 | 0.75 | 0.98 | 6.96 |  | 0 |  | .% | 4.8 | 0 |  |  |
Ampicillin | 0.43 | 0.19 | 0.7 | 100 | 328.8 | 12 | 0 | 96.05 | 4.62 | 0 | Â | 0.096 |
 2011–2023 | 0.39 | 0.06 | 0.77 | 57.08 | 251.54 | 7 | 0 | 0.9722 | 2.87 | 0 | 0.67 |  |
 2001–2013 | 0.5 | 0.2 | 0.79 | 42.92 | 52.37 | 5 | 0 | 0.9045 | 4.37 | 0 |  |  |
 Africa | 0.52 | 0.24 | 0.8 | 35.86 | 42.31 | 4 | 0 | 0.9054 | 4.74 | 0 |  |  |
 Asia | 0.51 | 0.03 | 0.98 | 42.51 | 220.15 | 5 | 0 | 0.9773 | 2.3 | 0.02 |  |  |
 America | 0.17 | 0 | 0.58 | 21.63 |  | 2 |  | % | 1.62 | 0.11 |  |  |
 HQ | 0.49 | 0.28 | 0.71 | 92.41 | 143.09 | 12 | 0 | 0.9161 | 6.14 | 0 | 0 |  |
 LQ | 0.01 | 0 | 0.04 | 7.59 |  | 0 |  | % | 1.42 | 0.16 |  |  |
Streptomycin | 0.6 | 0.28 | 0.89 | 100 | 208.43 | 10 | 0 | 95.2 | 4.7 | 0 | Â | 0.995 |
 2011–2024 | 0.57 | 0.09 | 0.98 | 54.61 | 150.05 | 5 | 0 | 0.9667 | 2.81 | 0 | 0.84 |  |
 2001–2014 | 0.64 | 0.21 | 0.97 | 45.39 | 56.94 | 4 | 0 | 0.9298 | 3.7 | 0 |  |  |
 Africa | 0.42 | 0 | 1 | 28.64 |  | 2 |  | % | 1.48 | 0.14 | 0.76 |  |
 Asia | 0.74 | 0.35 | 1 | 52.68 | 40.84 | 5 | 0 | 0.8776 | 4.53 | 0 |  |  |
 America | 0.62 | 0.48 | 0.75 | 18.68 |  | 1 |  | % | 11.63 | 0 |  |  |
Gentamicin | 0 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 4.57 | 7 | 0.71 | 0 | 0 | 1 | Â | 0.645 |
Ofloxacin | 0 | 0 | 0.01 | 100 | 0.38 | 3 | 0.95 | 0 | 0 | 1 | Â | Â |
Ceftriaxone | 0.02 | 0 | 0.12 | 100 | 29.21 | 5 | 0 | 82.88 | 1.15 | 0.25 | Â | 0.489 |
 2011–2024 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 64.13 | 0.99 | 3 | 0.8 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |  |
 2001–2014 | 0.16 | 0.08 | 0.26 | 35.87 |  | 1 |  | % | 5.61 | 0 |  |  |
 Africa | 0.04 | 0 | 0.1 | 36 |  | 1 |  |  | 2.24 | 0.03 | 0 |  |
 Asia | 0 | 0 | 0 | 45.19 |  | 2 |  |  | 0 | 1 |  |  |
 America | 0.14 | 0.05 | 0.29 | 18.8 |  | 0 |  |  | 4.21 | 0 |  |  |
 HQ | 0.04 | 0 | 0.16 | 78.95 | 15.36 | 4 | 0 | 0.7395 | 1.48 | 0.14 | 0.03 |  |
 LQ | 0 | 0 | 0.03 | 21.05 |  | 0 |  | % | 0 | 1 |  |  |
Kanamycin | 0.05 | 0 | 0.2 | 100 | 4.27 | 2 | 0.12 | 53.11 | 1.48 | 0.14 | Â | 0.967 |
Norfloxacin | 0 | 0 | 0.03 | 100 | 2.69 | 3 | 0.44 | 0 | 0 | 1 | Â | 0.795 |
Cefotaxime | 0 | 0 | 0.05 | 100 | 2.89 | 2 | 0.24 | 30.86 | 0.44 | 0.66 | Â | 0.549 |
Amikacin | 0.2 | 0 | 0.69 | 100 | 20.85 | 2 | 0 | 90.41 | 1.41 | 0.16 | Â | 0.81 |