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Table 2 Comparison of device utilization rates and device-associated infection rates in intensive care units in the German infection surveillance system (ICU-KISS) between the years 2019 and 2020

From: No increase of device associated infections in German intensive care units during the start of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020

Parameter

Description

Year 2019

Year 2020

P value*

N = 982 ICUs

N = 921 ICUs

ICU with HAI surveillance

 Patients included per year

Sum

863,999

696,085

 
 

Median (IQR)

814.5 (527–1114)

689 (427–983)

 < 0.001

 Patient days

Sum

3,296,045

2,731,371

 
 

Median (IQR)

3124 (2121–4211)

2679 (1819–3749)

 < 0.001

 LOS (days)

Pooled mean

Median (IQR)

3.8

3.8 (2.9–5.0)

3.9

3.9 (3.0–5.2)

0.125

CLABSI surveillance

 Central line use (central line days per 100 patient days)

Pooled mean

Median (IQR)

64.1

63.6 (49.1–77.5)

66.1

66.2 (52.4–79.5)

0.012

 CLABSI

No

2372

2088

 

 CLABSI rate (CLABSI per 1000 central line days

Median (IQR)

0.7 (0–1.59)

0.64 (0–1.63)

0.263

 

Pooled mean (95%CI)

1.12 (1.08–1.17)

1.16 (1.11–1.21)

 
 

RR 2020 versus 2019 (95%CI)

 

1.03 (0.97–1.09)

0.340

VALRTI surveillance

 Ventilator use (ventilator days per 100 patient days)

Pooled mean

Median (IQR)

37.0

32.5 (22.4–45.9)

37.8

35.1 (24.4–46.4)

0.043

 VALRTI

No

4942

3731

 

 VALRTI rate (VALTRI per 100 ventilator days)

Median (IQR)

2.95 (0.76–5.68)

2.02 (0–4.91)

 < 0.001

 

Pooled mean (95%CI)

4.09 (3.98–4.21)

3.63 (3.52–3.75)

 
 

RR 2020 versus 2019 (95%CI)

 

0.89 (0.85–0.93)

 < 0.001

CAUTI surveillance

 Catheter use (catheter days per 100 patient days)

Pooled mean

Median (IQR)

81.6

84.2 (74.8–90.9)

82.1

84.6 (76.0–91.5)

0.259

 CAUTI

No

3286

2589

 

 CAUTI rate (CAUTI per 1000 catheter days)

Median (IQR)

0.61 (0–1.63)

0.49 (0–1.47)

0.008

 

Pooled mean (95%CI)

1.23 (1.18–1.27)

1.16 (1.11–1.20)

 
 

RR 2020 versus 2019 (95%CI)

 

0.94 (0.90–0.99)

0.028

  

N = 68 ICUs

N = 65 ICUs

P value

ECLSABSI surveillance

 Patients

 

52,120

39,153

 

 Patient days

 

213,602

175,318

 

 ECLS-days

 

13,287

12,175

 

Use of extracorporal life support systems (ECLS)

    

 ECLS-days per 100 patient days

Pooled mean

Median (IQR)

6.2

3.8 (1.8–7.8)

6.9

3.4 (2.25–7.8)

0.918

 ECLSABSI

No

17

16

 

 ECLSABSI rate (ECLSABSI per 1000 ECLS days)

Median (IQR)

0 (0–0)

0 (0–0)

0.994

 

Pooled mean (95%CI)

1.28 (0.75–2.05)

1.31 (0.75–2.13)

 
 

RR 2020 versus 2019 (95%CI)

 

1.03 (0.52–2.03)

0.939

  1. Bold values indicate the statistically significant = p < 0.05
  2. ICU, intensive care unit; LOS, length of stay; No, number; Med, median; IQR, interquartile range; 95%CI, 95% confidence interval; RR, rate ratio; CLABSI, Central line-associated bloodstream infection; CL, central line (central venous catheter);VALRTI, ventilator associated lower respiratory tract infection; CAUTI, Catheter associated urinary tract infection; ECLSABSI, Extracorporeal-Life-Support-Systems associated bloodstream infection
  3. *p values, calculated by Chi-square test or Wilcoxon rank-sum test based on the yearly data of ICUs or by Poisson regression; Rate ratios (RR) are calculated by Poisson regression