Blood culture utilization and epidemiology of antimicrobial-resistant bloodstream infections before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in the Indonesian national referral hospital

Table 4 Incidence rate of WHO global priority AMR pathogens causing bloodstream infections

	Year 2019	Year 2020	P values	Non COVID-19 cases	COVID-19 cases**	P values
Incidence rate of community-origin BSI caused by WHO global priority AMR pathogens
per 1,000 admissions	1.6 (76/49,014)	1.6 (67/42,946)	0.97	1.6 (141/90,587)	1.5 (2/1,373)	> 0.99
per 100,000 patients tested for community-origin BSI*	4,350.3 (76/1,747)	2,700.5 (67/2,481)	0.004	3,162.8 (141/4,458)	1,136.3 (2/176)	0.11
Incidence rate of hospital-origin BSI caused by WHO global priority AMR pathogens
per 1,000 admissions at risk of hospital-origin BSI*	8.5 (283/33,226)	10.9 (322/29,510)	0.003	9.5 (589/61,758)	14.6 (16/1,089)	0.10
per 100,000 patient-days at risk of hospital-origin BSI*	130.1 (283/217,398)	165.5 (322/194,486)	0.003	146.9 (589/400,750)	143.7 (16/11,134)	0.96
per 100,000 patients tested for hospital-origin BSI*	11,071.9 (283/2,556)	13,501.1 (322/2,385)	0.01	14,107.7 (589/4,175)	9,090.9 (16/176)	0.07

BSI Bloodstream infections
*Patients tested for community-origin BSI were defined as patients with the first blood culture performed within the first two calendar days of admissions during the reporting period. Patients were considered at risk of hospital-origin BSI after they stayed in the hospital for more than 2 days. Patients tested for hospital-origin BSI were defined as patients with the first blood culture performed after the first two calendar days of admissions during the reporting period
**All COVID-19 cases were in 2020

ISSN: 2047-2994