Table 3 Antimicrobial resistance pattern of Enterobacteriaceae, Acinetobacter and Pseudomonas species isolated from patients investigated for sepsis
From: Sepsis: emerging pathogens and antimicrobial resistance in Ethiopian referral hospitals
Gram negative isolates | AMK | AMP | AMC | SAM | ATM | FEP | CTX | CRO | CAZ | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
I % | R % | I % | R % | I % | R % | I % | R % | I % | R % | I % | R % | I % | R % | I % | R % | I % | R % | |
K. pneumoniae (n = 111) | 15.3 | 7.2 | 0.9 | 99.1 | 24.3 | 55.9 | 13.5 | 73 | 4.5 | 93.7 | 9.0 | 83.8 | 0 | 96.4 | 0 | 96.4 | 0.9 | 95.5 |
K. variicola (n = 77) | 18.2 | 0 | 1.3 | 98.7 | 27.3 | 29.9 | 11.7 | 53.2 | 3.9 | 63.6 | 3.9 | 62.3 | 0 | 67.5 | 0 | 67.5 | 0 | 67.5 |
E. coli (n = 53) | 7.5 | 3.8 | 5.7 | 90.6 | 30.2 | 34 | 9.4 | 62.3 | 3.8 | 60.4 | 0 | 60.4 | 1.9 | 64.2 | 1.9 | 64.2 | 1.9 | 62.3 |
E. cloacae complex (n = 29) | 20.7 | 3.4 | 3.4 | 93.1 | 6.9 | 79.3 | 6.9 | 65.5 | 0 | 62.1 | 6.9 | 51.7 | 3.4 | 58.6 | 6.9 | 58.6 | 0 | 58.6 |
P. dispersa (n = 21) | 4.8 | 4.8 | 0 | 95.2 | 61.9 | 28.6 | 4.8 | 81.0 | 0 | 100 | 4.8 | 85.7 | 0 | 95.2 | 0 | 100 | 0 | 95.2 |
K. oxytoca (n = 13) | 7.7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 53.8 | 23.1 | 38.5 | 46.2 | 15.4 | 53.8 | 7.7 | 69.2 | 7.7 | 76.9 | 7.7 | 76.9 | 15.4 | 61.5 |
Rare Enterobacteriaceae isolates (n = 14) | 0 | 7.1 | 7.1 | 85.7 | 35.7 | 21.4 | 21.4 | 28.6 | 7.1 | 28.6 | 14.3 | 35.7 | 7.1 | 57.1 | 14.3 | 57.1 | 14.3 | 50.0 |
Total Enterobacteriaceae (n = 318) | 13.5 | 4.1 | 2.2 | 96.2 | 28.6 | 43.4 | 12.6 | 63.2 | 4.1 | 73.9 | 6.0 | 69.2 | 1.3 | 78.0 | 1.9 | 78.3 | 1.9 | 76.4 |
Acinetobacter species | ||||||||||||||||||
Acinetobacter baumannii (n = 34) | 8.8 | 14.7 | – | – | – | – | 2.9 | 70.6 | – | – | 2.9 | 82.4 | 5.9 | 91.2 | 11.8 | 88.2 | 5.9 | 85.3 |
Other Acinetobacter species (n = 8) | 0 | 0 | – | – | – | – | 0 | 25 | – | – | 12.5 | 50 | 37.5 | 62.5 | 25 | 75 | 12.5 | 62.5 |
Total Acinetobacter species (n = 42) | 7.1 | 11.9 | – | – | – | – | 2.4 | 61.9 | – | – | 4.8 | 76.2 | 11.2 | 85.7 | 14.3 | 85.7 | 7.1 | 81 |
Pseudomonas species | ||||||||||||||||||
P. aeruginosa (n = 17) | 5.9 | 5.9 | – | – | – | – | – | – | 29.4 | 35.3 | 0 | 29.4 | – | – | – | – | 17.6 | 17.6 |
Other Pseudomonas species (n = 2) | 0 | 0 | – | – | – | – | – | – | 50 | 50 | 100 | 0 | – | – | – | – | 0 | 0 |
Total Pseudomonas species (n = 19) | 5.3 | 5.3 | – | – | – | – | – | – | 31.6 | 36.8 | 10.5 | 26.3 | – | – | – | – | 15.8 | 15.8 |
Gram negative isolates | CXM | CIP | C | DO | GEN | MEM | TZP | SXT | TE | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
I % | R % | I % | R % | I % | R % | I % | R % | I % | R % | I % | R % | I % | R % | I % | R % | I % | R % | |
K. pneumoniae (n = 111) | 1.8 | 94.6 | 2.7 | 59.5 | 1.8 | 43.2 | 4.5 | 65.8 | 1.8 | 82.0 | 0 | 17.1 | 9.0 | 18.0 | 0.9 | 85.6 | 1.8 | 70.3 |
K. variicola (n = 77) | 0 | 68.8 | 0 | 37.7 | 1.3 | 5.2 | 5.2 | 32.5 | 1.3 | 67.5 | 0 | 1.3 | 7.8 | 3.9 | 0 | 36.4 | 0 | 41.6 |
E. coli (n = 53) | 0 | 66 | 0 | 50.9 | 0 | 24.5 | 7.5 | 58.5 | 5.7 | 49.1 | 0 | 1.9 | 1.9 | 20.8 | 0 | 66 | 0 | 73.6 |
E. cloacae complex (n = 29) | 3.4 | 58.6 | 3.4 | 44.8 | 3.4 | 37.9 | 13.8 | 37.9 | 3.4 | 44.8 | 3.4 | 24.1 | 3.4 | 31.0 | 0 | 55.2 | 6.9 | 55.2 |
P. dispersa (n = 21) | 0 | 95.2 | 0 | 9.5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4.8 | 0 | 90.5 | 0 | 9.5 | 0 | 14.3 | 9.5 | 4.8 | 0 | 4.8 |
K. oxytoca (n = 13) | 0 | 76.9 | 0 | 46.2 | 0 | 30.8 | 15.4 | 23.1 | 0 | 61.5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 61.5 | 0 | 53.8 |
Rare Enterobacteriaceae isolates (n = 14) | 0 | 57.1 | 14.3 | 28.6 | 0 | 21.4 | 7.1 | 21.4 | 7.1 | 35.7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 7.1 | 0 | 42.9 | 0 | 42.9 |
Total Enterobacteriaceae (n = 318) | 0.9 | 78.0 | 1.9 | 46.2 | 1.3 | 26.1 | 6.3 | 46.2 | 2.5 | 67.3 | 0.3 | 9.4 | 5.7 | 14.8 | 0.9 | 59.4 | 1.3 | 56.3 |
Acinetobacter species | ||||||||||||||||||
Acinetobacter baumannii (n = 34) | – | – | 0 | 41.2 | – | – | 2.9 | 26.5 | 0 | 64.7 | 0 | 58.8 | 8.8 | 67.6 | 2.9 | 82.4 | – | – |
Other Acinetobacter species (n = 8) | – | – | 12.5 | 25 | – | – | 0 | 12.5 | 12.5 | 37.5 | 0 | 37.5 | 0 | 25 | 0 | 62.5 | – | – |
Total Acinetobacter species (n = 42) | 2.4 | 38.1 | 2.4 | 23.8 | 2.4 | 59.5 | 2.4 | 54.8 | 7.1 | 59.5 | 2.4 | 78.6 | – | – | ||||
Pseudomonas species | ||||||||||||||||||
P. aeruginosa (n = 17) | – | – | 11.8 | 17.6 | – | – | – | – | 5.9 | 35.3 | 0 | 5.9 | 0 | 5.9 | – | – | – | – |
Other Pseudomonas species (n = 2) | – | – | 0 | 0 | – | – | – | – | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | – | – | – | – |
Total Pseudomonas species (n = 19) | – | – | 10.5 | 15.8 | – | – | – | – | 5.3 | 31.6 | 0 | 5.3 | 5.3 | 15.8 | – | – | – | – |