Table 4 Transmission rate from artificially contaminated hands or fingertips to inanimate surfaces

HAV

10⁴ PFU

10

After 20 min of drying 24% of input virus transferred (3483 PFU), after 4 h 1.6% (50 PFU)

[15]

Norovirus

150 µL contaminated fecal sample, 1:5 diluted in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS)

10

100% (positive samples after 1st-4th contact)

75% (positive samples after 5th-6th contact)

25% (positive samples after 7th contact)

[93]

100 µL 10% fecal suspension in PBS (10⁶ PCR detectable units) on fingertip of glove, 1 h drying

Few

from left gloved hand 100% transfer, from right gloved hand 76%

[94]

Rhinovirus

10 µL 10⁴–10⁵ PFU, 20 min drying

5

0.7%-0.9% of inoculum (minimum 190 PFU)

[95]

Rotavirus

10 µL 10% fecal suspension in PBS (10⁴–10⁵ PFU), 20 or 60 min drying

10

16.1% or 2.6% of inoculum

[96]