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Table 3 Infection-related characteristics according to the empirical antimicrobial treatment strategy used

From: Use of broad-spectrum antimicrobials for more than 72 h and the detection of multidrug-resistant bacteria in Japanese intensive care units: a multicenter retrospective cohort study

 

Total

Broad-spectrum antimicrobial group

Narrow-spectrum antimicrobial group

p value

Health care exposure (N = 244)

106 (43.4%)

76 (49.0%)

30 (33.7%)

0.023

 Hospitalization for ≥ 2 days in the 12 months prior to study inclusion

56 (23.0%)

38 (24.5%)

18 (20.2%)

0.528

 Antimicrobial exposure in the 3 months prior to study inclusion

45 (18.4%)

35 (22.6%)

10 (11.2%)

0.039

 Resident in a nursing home or long-term care facility

19 (7.8%)

13 (8.4%)

6 (6.7%)

0.805

 Receiving invasive procedures at homea

17 (7.0%)

9 (5.8%)

8 (9.0%)

0.434

 Chronic hemodialysisa

11 (4.5%)

8 (5.2%)

3 (3.4%)

0.750

 Immunosuppressed status (N = 248)b

34 (13.7%)

25 (15.9%)

9 (9.9%)

0.250

 Baseline MDR colonization (N = 253)c

22 (8.7%)

18 (11.3%)

4 (4.3%)

0.065

Source of infectiond

 Respiratory tract

89 (35.0%)

49 (30.8%)

40 (42.1%)

0.078

 Gastrointestinal tract

59 (23.2%)

45 (28.3%)

14 (14.7%)

0.014

 Skin soft tissue

24 (9.4%)

14 (8.8%)

10 (10.5%)

0.663

 Genitourinary tract

24 (9.4%)

12 (7.5%)

12 (12.6%)

0.190

 Catheter-related

9 (3.5%)

6 (3.8%)

3 (3.2%)

 > 0.999

 Other focus

13 (5.1%)

9 (5.7%)

4 (4.2%)

0.772

 Unknown

41 (16.1%)

24 (15.1%)

17 (17.9%)

0.599

 Septic shock

68 (26.8%)

51 (32.1%)

17 (17.9%)

0.019

 SOFA day 0

7 (4–10)

8 (5–11)

6 (3–9)

0.001

 SOFA day 3

5 (3–8)

6 (3–9)

4 (2–6)

 < 0.001

Microbiologically documented infection

126 (49.6%)

82 (51.6%)

44 (46.3%)

0.439

 Polymicrobial infection

35 (13.8%)

24 (15.1%)

11 (11.6%)

0.459

 Bacteremia

61 (24.0%)

43 (27.0%)

18 (18.9%)

0.172

 Need for source control

75 (29.5%)

54 (34.0%)

21 (22.1%)

0.048

 Effectiveness of source control on day 3e

63 (84.0%)

43 (79.6%)

20 (95.2%)

0.952

 From hospital admission to empirical antimicrobial initiation

1 (1–4)

1 (1–10)

1 (1–1)

 < 0.001

 From ICU admission to empirical antimicrobial initiation

1 (0–1)

1 (1–1)

1 (1–1)

0.202

  1. Results are shown as n (%) or median (IQR) where applicable
  2. SOFA Sequential Organ Failure Assessment
  3. aIn the last 30 days prior to study inclusion
  4. bThe presence of congenital immunodeficiency, neutropenia (absolute neutrophil count < 1000 cells/μL), patient receiving corticosteroid treatment (prednisolone or equivalent > 0.5 mg/kg/day for > 3 months prior to study inclusion), solid organ transplant patient receiving immunosuppressive treatment, bone marrow transplant patient receiving immunosuppressive treatment, administration of chemotherapy in the year prior to enrollment, radiotherapy in the year prior to enrollment, autoimmune disease with the use of an immunosuppressive treatment, or human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in the subgroup of patients with data available
  5. cDefined as all MDR pathogens presumed to be already present on ICU admission, within 1 year prior to study inclusion combined with all MDR pathogens not present on ICU admission and detected before day 2 (day 0 is considered start date of the empiric antimicrobial therapy) in the subgroup of patients with data available
  6. dPatients could have multiple infection diagnoses
  7. en = number of patients who need source control
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Antimicrobial Resistance & Infection Control

ISSN: 2047-2994

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