Table 1 Descriptive analysis of the survey’s answers by the participating ID units (n = 18)

Type of hospital, n (%)

 Private

2 (11.1)

 Public

16 (88.9)

Teaching hospital, n (%)

9 (50%)

Number of beds, n (%)

 < 500

1 (5.5)

 500–750

9 (50)

 750–1000

5 (27.8)

  > 1000

3 (16.7)

Presence of the following wards, n (%)

  ICU

17 (94.4)

  Transplantation unit

7 (38.9)

  HSCT

11 (61.1)

Presence of molecular identification of CR, n (%)

15 (83.3)

AMS formally identified as a priority objective by the hospital management, n (%)

11 (61.1)

AMS formally implemented before SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, n (%)

13 (72.2)

AMS has been implemented since, n (%)

 < 6 months

3 (23.1) ^a

 > 6 months–< 12 months

1 (7.7) ^a

 > 12 months–< 24 months

1 (7.7) ^a

 > 24 months

8 (61.5) ^a

Sufficient financial support AMS activities, n (%)

1 (7.7) ^a

Staffing standards^b for AMS activities fulfilled, n (%)

5 (38.5) ^a

Formal/written ASP/strategy, n (%)

9 (69.2) ^a

Healthcare professional identified as a leader for AMS activities, n (%)

8 (61.5) ^a

Formal/written definition of roles and responsibilities of AMS team members, n (%)

3 (23.1) ^a

Regular report on antimicrobial use/prescription trend, n (%)

5 (38.5) ^a

Educational resources to support antimicrobial use, n (%)

14 (77.8)

Regular training of AMS team members, n (%)

5 (38.5) ^a

Multidisciplinary AMS team^c, n (%)

10 (76.9) ^a

Adequate technology services for AMS, n (%)

3 (23.1) ^a

Antimicrobial formulary for unrestricted, restricted or permitted antibiotics, n (%)

16 (88.9)

AMS team review/audit of therapy courses for specified antimicrobial agents or clinical conditions, n (%)

5 (38.5) ^a

Regular monitoring of quality of antimicrobial use at the unit and/or hospital wide level, n (%)

8 (44.4)

Regular monitoring of quantity of antimicrobial use at the unit and/or hospital wide level, n (%)

16 (88.9)

Monitoring of compliance with one or more of the specific interventions of AMS, n (%)

2 (15.4) ^a

Monitoring of antibiotic susceptibility rates for a range of key bacteria, n (%)

15 (83.3)

 Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)

15 (83.3)

 Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacterales (CRE)

15 (83.3)

 Escherichia coli ESBL + 

15 (83.3)

 Vancomycin resistant enterococci (VRE)

15 (83.3)

 MDR A. baumanni

14 (77.8)

 MDR P. aeruginosa

15 (83.3)

 Candida spp

6 (33.3)

Sharing of hospital-specific reports with prescribers, n (%)

On the quantity of antimicrobials prescribed/dispensed/purchased

7 (38.9)

On antibiotic susceptibility rates

8 (44.4)