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Table 3 Practices of antimicrobials dispensing for clinical cases

From: Antimicrobial dispensing process in community pharmacies: a scoping review

Interventions

Diarrhea (n = 2375)

Upper respiratory tract infection (n = 2355)

Sore throat (n = 485)

Acute sinusites (n = 400)

Urinary tract infection (n = 378)

Cough (n = 365)

Acute bronchitis (n = 273)

Common cold (n = 273)

Otitis media (n = 249)

Lower respiratory tract infection (n = 42)

Asked about

Patient’s identification

–

–

–

49 (12%)

–

–

82 (29%)

54 (20%)

–

–

Patient’s condition

1065 (45%)

1650 (70%)

5 (1%)

11 (3%)

1 (0.2%)

–

9 (3%)

–

8 (3.2%)

–

Patient’s symptoms

522 (22%)

387 (16%)

72 (14.8%)

162 (40%)

70 (18.5%)

287 (78%)

77 (27%)

139 (51%)

31 (12%)

–

Drug allergy

279 (12%)

580 (24.6%)

31 (6.4%)

26 (6.5%)

10 (2.6%)

57 (15.6%)

5 (1.8%)

38 (14%)

1 (0.4%)

–

The use of other medicines

239 (10%)

172 (7.3%)

5 (1%)

–

2 (0.5%)

182 (50%)

–

12 (4.4%)

4 (1.6%)

–

Contraindications

–

–

–

–

2 (0.5%)

–

–

–

–

–

Doctor visitor prescription

–

–

–

–

–

16 (4.4%)

–

4 (1.4%)

–

–

Counseling on

Drug preparation instructions

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Drug indication

–

–

–

26 (6.5%)

–

–

–

–

–

–

Drug interactions

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

 

–

–

How to take the medicine

192 (8%)

36 (1.5%)

240 (49%)

14 (3.5%)

195 (51%)

72 (19.7%)

5 (1.8%)

3 (1%)

124 (50%)

–

Dosage

22 (0.9%)

79 (3%)

–

–

 

–

–

–

–

–

How long the medicine should be taken

106 (4.5%)

75 (3.2%)

165 (34%)

1 (0.25%)

160 (42%)

12 (3.3%)

1 (0.3%)

–

100 (40%)

–

Medication adherence

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Discontinue antimicrobial

–

1 (0.04%)

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

2 (4.8%)

Storage

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Health education

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Non-pharmacological measures

24 (1%)

33 (1.4%)

–

–

–

6 (1.6%)

–

–

–

–

Precautions

65 (2.7%)

2 (0.08%)

31 (6.4%)

5 (1.2%)

5 (1.3%)

20 (5.5%)

–

–

16 (6.4%)

22 (52%)

Side effects

14 (0.6%)

8 (0.3%)

–

–

3 (0.8%)

5 (1.3%)

17 (6%)

–

–

–

Other’s interventions

Referral

240 (10%)

94 (4%)

45 (9.3%)

106 (26%)

81 (21%)

4 (1.1%)

37 (13%)

14 (5%)

58 (23%)

7 (16%)

Contact pharmacist/doctor if necessary

–

2 (0.08%)

3 (0.6%)

–

1 (0.2%)

 

–

–

–

7 (16%)

Modify the antimicrobial

–

1 (0.04%)

–

–

–

 

–

–

–

2 (4.8%)

Modify the antimicrobial dosage

–

2 (0.08%)

–

–

–

 

–

–

–

2 (4.8%)

Modify the antimicrobial frequency

–

1 (0.04%)

–

–

–

 

–

–

–

10 (23.8%)

Prescription of OTC

–

4 (0.17%)

–

–

–

46 (12.6%)

7 (2.5%)

4 (1.4%)

–

29 (69%)

Antimicrobial not dispensed

269 (11%)

423 (18%)

9.3%

–

14 (3.7%)

 

49 (17%)

–

–

–

  1. The total n of each clinical case is equivalent to the sum of the n of the studies included for each scenario