From: Antimicrobial dispensing process in community pharmacies: a scoping review
Interventions | Diarrhea (n = 2375) | Upper respiratory tract infection (n = 2355) | Sore throat (n = 485) | Acute sinusites (n = 400) | Urinary tract infection (n = 378) | Cough (n = 365) | Acute bronchitis (n = 273) | Common cold (n = 273) | Otitis media (n = 249) | Lower respiratory tract infection (n = 42) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Asked about | ||||||||||
Patient’s identification | – | – | – | 49 (12%) | – | – | 82 (29%) | 54 (20%) | – | – |
Patient’s condition | 1065 (45%) | 1650 (70%) | 5 (1%) | 11 (3%) | 1 (0.2%) | – | 9 (3%) | – | 8 (3.2%) | – |
Patient’s symptoms | 522 (22%) | 387 (16%) | 72 (14.8%) | 162 (40%) | 70 (18.5%) | 287 (78%) | 77 (27%) | 139 (51%) | 31 (12%) | – |
Drug allergy | 279 (12%) | 580 (24.6%) | 31 (6.4%) | 26 (6.5%) | 10 (2.6%) | 57 (15.6%) | 5 (1.8%) | 38 (14%) | 1 (0.4%) | – |
The use of other medicines | 239 (10%) | 172 (7.3%) | 5 (1%) | – | 2 (0.5%) | 182 (50%) | – | 12 (4.4%) | 4 (1.6%) | – |
Contraindications | – | – | – | – | 2 (0.5%) | – | – | – | – | – |
Doctor visitor prescription | – | – | – | – | – | 16 (4.4%) | – | 4 (1.4%) | – | – |
Counseling on | ||||||||||
Drug preparation instructions | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
Drug indication | – | – | – | 26 (6.5%) | – | – | – | – | – | – |
Drug interactions | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |  | – | – |
How to take the medicine | 192 (8%) | 36 (1.5%) | 240 (49%) | 14 (3.5%) | 195 (51%) | 72 (19.7%) | 5 (1.8%) | 3 (1%) | 124 (50%) | – |
Dosage | 22 (0.9%) | 79 (3%) | – | – |  | – | – | – | – | – |
How long the medicine should be taken | 106 (4.5%) | 75 (3.2%) | 165 (34%) | 1 (0.25%) | 160 (42%) | 12 (3.3%) | 1 (0.3%) | – | 100 (40%) | – |
Medication adherence | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
Discontinue antimicrobial | – | 1 (0.04%) | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 2 (4.8%) |
Storage | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
Health education | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
Non-pharmacological measures | 24 (1%) | 33 (1.4%) | – | – | – | 6 (1.6%) | – | – | – | – |
Precautions | 65 (2.7%) | 2 (0.08%) | 31 (6.4%) | 5 (1.2%) | 5 (1.3%) | 20 (5.5%) | – | – | 16 (6.4%) | 22 (52%) |
Side effects | 14 (0.6%) | 8 (0.3%) | – | – | 3 (0.8%) | 5 (1.3%) | 17 (6%) | – | – | – |
Other’s interventions | ||||||||||
Referral | 240 (10%) | 94 (4%) | 45 (9.3%) | 106 (26%) | 81 (21%) | 4 (1.1%) | 37 (13%) | 14 (5%) | 58 (23%) | 7 (16%) |
Contact pharmacist/doctor if necessary | – | 2 (0.08%) | 3 (0.6%) | – | 1 (0.2%) |  | – | – | – | 7 (16%) |
Modify the antimicrobial | – | 1 (0.04%) | – | – | – |  | – | – | – | 2 (4.8%) |
Modify the antimicrobial dosage | – | 2 (0.08%) | – | – | – |  | – | – | – | 2 (4.8%) |
Modify the antimicrobial frequency | – | 1 (0.04%) | – | – | – |  | – | – | – | 10 (23.8%) |
Prescription of OTC | – | 4 (0.17%) | – | – | – | 46 (12.6%) | 7 (2.5%) | 4 (1.4%) | – | 29 (69%) |
Antimicrobial not dispensed | 269 (11%) | 423 (18%) | 9.3% | – | 14 (3.7%) |  | 49 (17%) | – | – | – |