EMC (Netherlands) | VGS (Austria) | KSK (Austria) | INMI (Italy) | ERU (Turkey) | TGH (Greece) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Prevalence according to ECDC maps 2015 and CAESAR 2016 (13, 14) | 3.7% | 12.2% | 12.2% | 23.0% | 32% | 40% |
Low | Medium | Medium | Medium | High | High | |
Median self-reported prevalence of HRMO per hospital per year, regardless of sample site (range 2014–2016) | 20 (13–29) | 5 (0–17) | 13 (0–16) | 23 (17–31) | 467 (378–557) | 52 (43–61) |
Targeted screening§ | ||||||
Primary case¥ - targeted screening on hospitalized patients | Yes (> 90%)* | Yes (> 90%) | Yes (> 90%) | Yes (50–90%) | Yes (> 90%) | No |
Primary case - targeted screening on discharged patients | Yes (> 90%) | No | No | No | Yes (50–90%) | No |
Secondary case – targeted screening on hospitalized patients | Yes (> 90%) | Yes (> 90%) | Yes (> 90%) | Yes (> 90%) | Yes (50–90%) | No |
Secondary case – targeted screening on discharged patients | Yes (> 90%) | No | No | No | Yes (50–90%) | No |
Outbreak – targeted screening on hospitalized patients | Yes (> 90%) | Yes (> 90%) | Yes (> 90%) | Yes (> 90%) | Yes (50–90%) | No |
Outbreak – targeted screening on discharged patients | Yes (> 90%) | No | No | Yes (50–90%) | Yes (50–90%) | No |
Labelling | ||||||
Isolation label for CPPA-positive patients | Yes (> 90%) | Yes (50–90%) | Yes, but without HRMO specification (50–90%) | Yes (> 90%) | Yes (> 90%) | Yes (50–90%) |
Number of negative cultures before lifting label | 6, during one year | Upon discharge (but stays archived digitally) | N.D. | 3 | 3, one week apart | 2 |
Isolation measures | ||||||
Isolation in multi-bedroom with blocking of the beds | No | Yes (50–90%) | Yes (> 90%) | Yes (> 90%) | Yes (50–90%) | No |
Isolation in single bedroom without anteroom | Yes (> 90%) | Yes (> 90%) | No | No | Yes (50–90%) | No |
Isolation in single bedroom with anteroom | No | No | No | Yes (> 90%) | Yes (10–49%) | No |
Personal protective equipment | ||||||
Non-sterile gloves | Yes (> 90%) | Yes (> 90%) | Yes (> 90%) | Yes (> 90%) | Yes (> 90%) | Yes (50–90%) |
Disposable gowns | Yes (> 90%) | Yes (> 90%) | Yes (> 90%) | Yes (> 90%) | Yes (> 90%) | No |
Caps | No | Yes (> 90%) | No | No | Yes (10–49%) | No |
(Surgical) masks | No | Yes (> 90%) | No | No | Yes (< 10%) | No |
Laboratory (2017) | ||||||
Screening technique CPPA | Culture/PCR, after broth enrichment | Culture, directly from clinical sample | Culture/PCR, directly on clinical sample & culture, after broth enrichment | Culture, directly from clinical sample | N.A. | Culture, directly from clinical sample |
Starting molecular typing of CPPA | N = 2 | N > 2 | N > 2 | In case of clinical or epidemiological need (cluster/ outbreak) | N.A. | N.A. |
Molecular typing method of CPPA | MLVA | N.A. | Molecular typing is outsourced | Molecular typing is outsourced (RAPD, NGS/WGS, MLST) | N.A. | N.A. |
Cleaning and disinfection | ||||||
Replacing separation curtains after discharge | Yes | Yes | No | N.A. | Yes | No |
Disposables in the isolation room are discarded after discharge | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes |