Table 3 Variables associated with final treatment failure

Age, median

33

39

15

Age groups, n (%)

0–17

30

13 (43.3)

17 (56.7)

6.41 [2.38–17.28]

 < 0.001

4.97 [1.10–22.48]

0.04

18–64

61

51 (83.6)

10 (16.4)

Reference

Reference

65 + 

16

15 (93.8)

1 (6.3)

0.33 [0.04–2.43]

0.30

0.88 [0.08–10.20]

0.09

Gender, n (%)

Male

Female

57

50

40 (70.2)

39 (78.0)

17 (29.8)

11 (22.0)

Reference

1.50 [0.57–4.05]

0.39

Healthcare worker (HCW), n (%)

No

Yes

94

13

66 (70.2)

13 (100.0)

28 (29.8)

0 (0.0)

Reference

0.00 [not applicable]

Contact with livestock, n (%)

No

Yes/in the past

88

19

62 (70.5)

17 (89.5)

26 (29.5)

2 (10.5)

Reference

0.27 [0.03–1.29]

0.09

Pets

No

Yes

76

31

56 (73.7)

23 (74.2)

20 (26.3)

8 (25.8)

Reference

0.94 [0.31–2.64]

1

MRSA source, n (%)

Unknown ^a

20

17 (85.0)

3 (15.0)

Reference

Reference

Hospital-acquired

26

21 (80.8)

5 (19.2)

1.27 [0.25–5.76]

0.77

1.24 [0.15–10.51]

0.84

Livestock-associated

18

16 (88.9)

2 (11.1)

0.67 [0.09–4.28]

0.68

1.76 [0.20–15.68]

0.61

Community-acquired

29

24 (82.8)

5 (17.2)

1.16 [0.24–5.49]

0.85

1.21 [0.19–7.85]

0.84

Living in refugee centre

14

1 (7.1)

13 (92.9)

69.33 [6.43–748.07]

 < 0.001

39.81 [2.72–582.86]

 < 0.01

Comorbidity, n (%) ^b

No

Yes

71

36

57 (80.3)

22 (61.1)

14 (19.7)

14 (38.9)

Reference

2.48 [0.93– 6.67]

0.06

Reference

4.72 [1.25–17.92]

0.02

Chronic pulmonary disease

9

5 (55.6)

4 (44.4)

2.38 [0.44–12.07]

0.24

Skin disease

11

6 (54.5)

5 (45.5)

2.55 [0.56–11.09]

0.16

Renal disease ^c

6

4 (66.4)

2 (33.3)

1.40 [0.12–10.44]

0.66

Devices ^d

17

10 (58.8)

7 (41.2)

2.21 [0.63–7.42]

0.15

AB use in the past 3 months, n (%) ^e

No

Yes

85

22

64 (75.3)

15 (68.2)

21 (24.7)

7 (31.8)

Reference

1.49 [0.45–4.63]

0.58

Hospital admission in the Netherlands in the past year, n (%) ^e

No

Yes

84

23

63 (75.0)

16 (69.6)

21 (25.0)

7 (30.4)

Reference

1.27 [0.39–3.84]

0.79

Skin lesions, n (%)

No

Yes

67

40

48 (71.6)

31 (77.5)

19 (28.4)

9 (22.5)

Reference

0.879 [0.27–2.12]

0.65

Travel abroad in the past year, n (%) ^e,f

No

72

59 (81.9)

13 (18.1)

Reference

Reference

Yes

35

20 (57.1)

15 (42.9)

3.48 [1.29–9.60]

 > 0.01

3.20 [0.70–14.54]

0.13

Type of MRSA carriage, n (%)

Uncomplicated carriage

Complicated carriage

Infection & Complicated carriage

7

74

26

4 (57.1)

56 (75.7)

19 (73.1)

3 (42.9)

18 (24.3)

7 (26.9)

Reference

0.43 [0.09–2.10]

0.55 [0.10–3.12]

0.30

0.50

Location of MRSA carriage, n (%)

Nasal carriage

61

45 (73.8)

16 (26.2)

1.00 [0.39–2.66]

1

0.50 [0.13–1.93]

0.32

Non-nasal carriage

46

34 (73.9)

12 (26.1)

1.00 [0.38–2.61]

1

Throat carriage

68

51 (75.0)

17 (25.0)

0.79 [0.30–2.16]

0.65

Perineal carriage

45

38 (84.4)

7 (15.6)

0.36 [0.12–1.02]

0.04

Other sites

31

23 (74.2)

8 (25.8)

1.07 [0.35–3.02]

1

MLST

ST398

28

24 (85.7)

4 (14.3)

Not applicable

ST1

5

4 (80.0)

1 (20.0)

ST8 and ST281 ^g

8

4 (50.0)

4 (50.0)

ST22

11

4 (36.4)

7 (63.6)

ST30

12

10 (83.3)

2 (16.7)

ST1933

3

1 (33.3)

2 (25.0)

Other or Unknown

40

32 (80.0)

8 (20.0)

PVL positivity, n (%)

No

Yes

86

21

64 (74.4)

15 (71.4)

22 (25.6)

6 (28.6)

Reference

1.34 [0.37–4.36]

0.58

Side-effects of treatment

No

Yes

87

20

61 (70.1)

18 (90.0)

26 (29.9)

2 (10.0)

Reference

0.25 [0.03–1.19]

0.09

0.36 [0.04–3.06]

0.35

Household tested

Yes

No ^h

97

10

74 (76.3)

5 (50.0)

23 (23.7)

5 (50.0)

Reference

3.13 [0.83–11.78]

0.09

Reference

5.41 [0.70–41.86]

0.11

Size household

1–2

3–5

 > 5 and unknownⁱ

39

50

18

32 (82.1)

39 (78.0)

8 (44.4)

7 (17.9)

11 (22.0)

10 (55.6)

Reference

1.21 [0.42–3.49]

5.36 [1.55–18.54]

0.73

 < 0.01