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Table 2 (a) Self-reported and (b) observed hand hygiene compliance among physicians and nurses by WHO-5 indications

From: Do task and item difficulty affect overestimation of one’s hand hygiene compliance? A cross-sectional survey of physicians and nurses in surgical clinics of six hospitals in Germany

  

(a) Self-reported compliance

(b) Directly observed compliance#

  

Physicians (N = 93)

Nurses (N = 225)

pµ

Physicians (N = 2421)

Nurses (N = 971)

pµ

“before patient contact”

(0–100)

N§,$

92

218

 

902

294

 
 

(a) Mean Rate

(b) Rate

81.0%

82.4%

0.522

56.9%

65.0%

0.014

 

95%-CI

77.0%|85.0%

80.2%|84.6%

 

53.6%|60.1%

59.5%|70.5%

 

“before an aseptic task”

(0–100)

N§,$

90

206

 

246

155

 
 

(a) Mean Rate

(b) Rate

93.4%

92.7%

0.634

31.7%

55.5%

 < 0.001

 

95%-CI

90.7%|96.1%

91.3%|94.2%

 

25.9%|37.6%

47.6%|63.4%

 

“after body fluid exposure”

(0–100)

N§,$

93

215

 

229

135

 
 

(a) Mean Rate

(b) Rate

98.0%

96.4%

0.028

52.0%

63.0%

0.041

 

95%-CI

97.1%|98.9%

95.3%|97.5%

 

45.4%|58.5%

54.7%|71.2%

 

“after patient contact”

(0–100)

N§,$

93

218

 

722

256

 
 

(a) Mean Rate

(b) Rate

87.5%

87.8%

0.875

75.2%

74.2%

0.754

 

95%-CI

84.2%|90.7%

85.8%|89.7%

 

72.1%|78.4%

68.8%|79.6%

 

“after contact with patient surroundings”

(0–100)

N§,$

93

214

 

322

131

 
 

(a) Mean Rate

(b) Rate

71.1%

76.8%

0.051

55.6%

67.2%

0.023

 

95%-CI

66.1%|76.2%

74.1%|79.5%

 

50.1%|61.0%

59.0%|75.3%

 
  1. #Direct observations during ward rounds (N relate to opportunities)
  2. §Any totals not adding up to column headers due to missing values
  3. $Individuals for self-reported and opportunities for observed compliance
  4. µp-value for comparison between physicians and nurses