Table 2 Summary of mixed methods appraisal tool (MMAT) methodological quality assessment
Quantitative descriptive studies | Approach | MMAT criteria for quantitative descriptive studies | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Is the sampling strategy relevant to address the research question? | Is the sample representative of the target population? | Are the measurements appropriate? | Is the risk of nonresponse bias low? | Is the statistical analysis appropriate to answer the research question? | ||
Akbar et al. [29] | Survey | Y | Y | Y | N | Y |
Ashiru-Oredope et al. [33] | Survey | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y |
Barchitta et al. [34] | Survey | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y |
Bouchoucha et al. [25] | Survey | Y | Y | Y | U | Y |
Carter et al. [21] | Survey | Y | U | Y | N | Y |
Hamilton et al. [22] | Survey | Y | U | Y | N | Y |
Herawati et al. [30] | Survey | Y | U | Y | N | Y |
Lim et al. [31] | Survey | Y | U | Y | N | Y |
Monsees et al. [23] | Survey | Y | U | Y | U | Y |
Padigos et al. [26] | Survey | Y | U | Y | U | Y |
Qualitative studies | Approach | MMAT criteria for qualitative studies | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
IIs the qualitative approach appropriate to answer the research question? | Are the qualitative data collection methods adequate to address the research question? | Are the findings adequately derived from the data? | Is the interpretation of results sufficiently substantiated by data? | Is there coherence between qualitative data sources, collection, analysis and interpretation? | ||
Dowson et al. [27] | Interview | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y |
Kirby et al. [28] | Interview | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y |
Rout et al. [35] | Interview | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y |
Van Gulik et al. [32] | Focus group | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y |
Mixed-methods studies | Approach | MMAT criteria for mixed-methods studies | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Is there an adequate rationale for using a mixed methods design to address the research question? | Are the different components of the study effectively integrated to answer the research question? | Are the outputs of the integration of qualitative and quantitative components adequately interpreted? | Are divergences and inconsistencies between quantitative and qualitative results adequately addressed? | Do the different components of the study adhere to the quality criteria of each tradition of the methods involved? | ||
Knobloch et al. [24] | Interviews, prescribing data analysis | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y |
Mula et al. [36] | Multiple data source including focus groups, interviews, participants observations | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y |