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Table 2 Annually comparative analysis of antibiotic consumption by WHO AWaRe category in PHSs

From: Antibiotic use in township hospitals during the COVID-19 pandemic in Shandong, China

AWaRe category

Before

During the COVID-19 pandemic

% Relative change (2020 vs 2019)

%Relative change (2021 vs 2019)

2019

2020

2021

Access antibiotics (ten thousand DDDs)

74.91

60.27

78.62

 − 19.54

4.95

Watch antibiotics (ten thousand DDDs)

95.44

55.34

63.50

 − 42.02

 − 33.47

  1. DDDs defined daily doses