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Table 1 Baseline comparison of participants according to procedure

From: Impact of tooth brushing on oral bacteriota and health care-associated infections among ventilated COVID-19 patients: an intervention study

Characteristics

Standard procedure N = 25

Extended procedure with tooth brushing N = 31

p value

Age [years]

67 (56–73.5)

67 (62–79)

NS

Female [n (%)]

10 (40.0%)

14 (45.2%)

NS

WHO ordinal scale, on admission to an ICU [43]

7 (6–9)

6 (5–9)

NS

Baseline BOAS, sum score

11 (9.5–12.5)

12 (11.25–14.8)

0.032

Baseline BOAS category

NS

1–10

9 (36.0%)

4 (16.7%)

 

11–20

16 (64.0%)

20 (83.3%)

 

Baseline BOAS, teeth

3 (2–3)

3 (2–4)

NS

In-hospital pharmacotherapy before intubation [n (%)]

Steroid therapy

19 (76.0%)

21 (77.8%)

NS

Antibiotic

19 (76.0%)

14 (51.9%)

NS

DOT before intubation [days]

7 (2.8–13.3)

7 (3–15)

NS

Baseline number of genera, all sites

4 (3–5)

5 (4–6)

0.031

Baseline number of species, all sites

5 (4–6)

7 (5–9)

0.006

Baseline number of patients with selected genera/species

Acinetobacter baumannii

31.0%

16.1%

NS

Enterococcus faecalis

52.0%

29.0%

NS

Escherichia coli

16.0%

19.4%

NS

Klebsiella pneumoniae

28.0%

12.9%

NS

Lactobacillus spp.

56.0%

58.1%

NS

Streptococcus spp.

76.0%

83.9%

NS

Baseline CFU/ml from oral samples

All bacterial strains

4.0E + 5 (5.0E + 4–1.5E + 6)

4.0E + 5 (1.0E + 5–1.4E + 6)

NS

All G + strains

5.0E + 5 (1.5E + 5–1.5E + 6)

5.0E + 5 (1.5E + 5–1.5E + 6)

NS

All G- strains

2.3E + 4 (2.8E + 3–2.3E + 5)

2.0E + 5 (2.0E + 4–8.0E + 5)

0.021

Streptococcus spp.

7.0E + 5 (1.8E + 5–2.2E + 6)

4.0E + 5 (1.5E + 5–1.5E + 6)

NS

Lactobacillus spp.

1.0E + 6 (2.0E + 5–2.0E + 6)

9.0E + 5 (2.0E + 5–2.0E + 6)

NS

Klebsiella pneumoniae

3.0E + 4 (3.0E + 2–5.0E + 4)

1.5E + 4 (1.6E + 3–1.4E + 5)

NS

Acinetobacter baumannii

1.3E + 4 (2.3E + 3–1.9E + 4)

1.0E + 4 (1.6E + 3–1.1E + 5)

NS

Enterococcus faecalis

3.0E + 5 (7.0E + 4–1.0E + 6)

5.0E + 5 (2.1E + 4–5.4E + 6)

NS

  1. Data are presented as the means (SDs), medians (Q1–Q3) or N [%]
  2. WHO, World Health Organization; ICU, intensive care unit; BOAS, Beck Oral Assessment Scale, DOT, days of antibiotic therapy, HAI, health care-associated infection, CFU, colony forming unit, NS, not significant