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Table 2 Follow-up comparison of participants according to procedure

From: Impact of tooth brushing on oral bacteriota and health care-associated infections among ventilated COVID-19 patients: an intervention study

Characteristics

Standard procedure N = 18*

Extended procedure with tooth brushing N = 19*

p value

Follow-up BOAS, sum score

11.5 (9–14.5)

11 (9–13)

NS

Baseline BOAS category

NS

1–10

8 (44.4%)

6 (40.0%)

 

11–20

10 (55.6%)

9 (60.0%)

 

Follow-up BOAS, teeth

3 (2–4)

2 (1–3)

0.026

Follow-up number of genera, all sites

4 (2.8–5.3)

3 (2–4)

NS

Follow-up number of species, all sites

4.5 (4–6.3)

3 (2–5)

NS

Follow-up number of patients with selected genera/species

Acinetobacter baumannii

55.6%

5.3%

0.001

Enterococcus faecalis

55.6%

5.3%

0.001

Escherichia coli

11.1%

5.3%

NS

Klebsiella pneumoniae

16.7%

15.8%

NS

Lactobacillus spp.

27.8%

47.4%

NS

Streptococcus spp.

61.1%

42.1%

NS

Follow-up CFU from oral samples

All bacterial strains

3.3E + 5 (5.8E + 4–1.1E + 6)

1.9E + 5 (5.0E + 4–4.8e + 5

0.067

All G + strains

8.0E + 5 (2.0E + 5–1.7E + 6)

1.4E + 5 (4.3E + 4–3.0E + 5)

 < 0.001

All G- strains

3.0E + 4 (2.6E + 3–3.1E + 5)

7.5E + 5 (1.1E + 5–1.9E + 6)

0.004

Streptococcus spp.

7.5E + 5 (3.0E + 5–1.0E + 6)

8.5E + 4 (3.5E + 4–5.3E + 5)

0.008

Lactobacillus spp.

1.0E + 6 (1.5E + 5–2.0E + 6)

1.5E + 5 (8.0E + 4–3.0E + 5)

0.039

Klebsiella pneumoniae

1.2E + 5 (6.5E + 2–1.1E + 7)

3.5E + 5 (1.4E + 5–4.8E + 5)

NS

Acinetobacter baumannii

3.5E + 4 (4.8E + 3–3.1E + 5)

3.0E + 4 (2.0E + 4 – NA)

NS

Enterococcus faecalis

NA

NA

NA

  1. Data are presented as the means (SDs), medians (Q1–Q3) or N [%]
  2. WHO, World Health Organization; ICU, intensive care unit; BOAS, beck oral assessment scale, DOT, days of antibiotic therapy, HAI, health care-associated infection, CFU, colony forming unit, NS, not significant, NA, not available
  3. *Number of patients who survived until the follow-up