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Table 3 Carbapenem resistance (R) and resistance determinants in Escherichia coli isolates: data from all years

From: Review and analysis of the overlapping threats of carbapenem and polymyxin resistant E. coli and Klebsiella in Africa

    

Findings in reports from all study years meeting criteria for generalizability

Identified resistance determinants

Nations

Number of reports

Specimens in all reports

Any R

Reports meeting criteria

Total specimens meeting criteria

Range of specimens among studies

Resistant specimens (#)

Resistant specimens (%)

Algeria

33

4304

Y

15

4201

30—1184

13

0.3

NDM-5, OXA-48, OXA-181, VIM-19

Angola

2

52

Y

0

0

–

–

–

NDM-1, NDM-5, OXA-181

Benin

6

692

Y

5

687

84–221

18

2.6

 

Botswana

1

27

N

0

0

–

–

–

 

Burkina Faso

12

787

Y

6

743

26–296

5

0.7

GES, OXA, OXA-181

Cameroon

11

330

Y

6

313

21–163

7

2.2

NDM-4

Cape Verde

1

1

N

0

0

–

–

–

 

CAR

2

84

N

2

84

33–51

0

0

 

Chad

8

402

Y

5

382

31–128

6

1.6

NDM-5, OXA, OXA-181

Congo

2

112

Y

2

112

23–89

4

3.6

OXA-48

Côte d'Ivoire

4

145

Y

2

121

57–64

0

0

 

DRC

3

451

N

3

451

21–376

0

0

 

Djibouti

2

32

Y

1

31

–

0

0

OXA-48

Egypt

106

8657

Y

56

7549

20–3177

425

5.6

KPC, GES, IMP, NDM, NDM-1, NDM-5, OXA-48, OXA-181, VIM, VIM-1, VIM-2

Equatorial Guinea

1

39

N

1

39

–

0

0

 

Eritrea

1

14

N

0

0

–

–

–

 

Ethiopia

19

1794

Y

12

1729

31–235

54

3.1

KPC

Gabon

4

142

N

3

133

30–57

0

0

 

Gambia

1

8

Y

0

0

–

–

–

 

Ghana

15

621

Y

9

568

25–124

27

4.8

NDM-1, OXA-48

Guinea

1

1

N

0

0

–

–

–

 

Guinea-Bissau

1

83

N

1

83

–

0

0

 

Kenya

26

10,654

Y

18

10,554

25–5165

57

0.5

 

Libya

17

1387

Y

8

1154

75–346

62

5.4

OXA-48

Madagascar

14

1381

Y

8

1355

31–672

7

0.5

 

Malawi

4

2601

Y

2

2592

657–1935

54

2.1

NDM-5, OXA-48

Mali

4

211

Y

3

210

31–132

25

11.9

NDM-4, OXA-181

Mauritania

1

366

Y

1

366

–

4

1.1

 

Mauritius

4

202

Y

1

183

–

5

2.7

OXA-181

Morocco

24

3585

Y

10

3459

49–1174

41

1.2

IMP-1, OXA-48

Mozambique

6

188

Y

3

161

35–75

0

0

 

Namibia

1

23

N

1

23

–

0

0

 

Niger

5

720

Y

3

502

27–434

0

0

OXA-181

Nigeria

82

5072

Y

43

4161

21–400

319

7.7

GES, NDM, OXA, OXA-48, OXA-181, VIM

Rwanda

7

3009

Y

6

3002

55–2473

201

6.7

 

Sao Tome and Principe

1

30

Y

0

0

–

–

–

OXA-181

Senegal

10

581

Y

4

554

33–398

1

0.2

OXA-48

Sierra Leone

5

14

Y

0

0

–

–

–

DIM-1, OXA-58, VIM

Somalia

1

27

N

1

27

–

0

0

 

South Africa

69

36,224

Y

41

35,930

20–14,348

333

0.9

NDM, NDM-1, NDM-5, OXA-48, VIM, VIM-1

South Sudan

1

65

N

0

0

–

–

–

 

Sudan

12

1085

Y

4

978

71–458

72

7.4

IMP, NDM

Tanzania

29

1977

Y

16

1793

20–837

18

1

KPC, IMP, NDM, OXA-48, VIM

Togo

6

238

Y

2

109

35–74

1

0.9

 

Tunisia

34

23,696

Y

17

23,619

31–9485

214

0.9

KPC-2, NDM-1, OXA-48

Uganda

17

1532

Y

6

1302

22–930

167

12.8

KPC, IMP, OXA-48, VIM

Zambia

3

477

Y

3

477

56–343

341

71.5

 

Zimbabwe

3

204

Y

2

203

23–180

27

13.3

 

All reporting countries

622

114,327

Y

332

109,940

20–14,348

2508

2.3**

 
  1. Y One or more resistant isolates identified phenotypically or genotypically
  2. N No resistant isolates identified phenotypically or genotypically
  3. **Calculation should not be considered an estimate of overall resistance due to varying totals of specimens meeting criteria across nations
  4. –Data not available
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Antimicrobial Resistance & Infection Control

ISSN: 2047-2994

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