Skip to main content

Table 5 Carbapenem resistance (R) estimates and data for Escherichia coli isolates from studies including samples from 2010 and later

From: Review and analysis of the overlapping threats of carbapenem and polymyxin resistant E. coli and Klebsiella in Africa

    

Findings in reports from all study years meeting criteria for generalizability

Resistance estimate category

Nations

Number of reports

Specimens in all reports

Any R

Reports meeting criteria

Total specimens meeting criteria

Range of specimens among studies

Resistant specimens (#)

Resistant specimens (%)

Resistant range (%)

Median R

Algeria

21

2434

Y

10

2371

30–1184

13

0.5

0–12.7

0

Low

Angola

2

52

Y

0

0

-

-

-

-

-

Insufficient isolates—resistance detected

Benin

5

503

Y

4

498

84–221

11

2.2

0–8

2.3

Moderate

Botswana

1

27

N

0

0

-

-

-

-

-

Insufficient isolates—resistance not detected

Burkina Faso

10

651

Y

5

611

26–296

5

0.8

0–16.1

0

Low

Cameroon

6

69

Y

2

54

24–30

5

9.3

0–16.7

N/A*

Insufficient isolates—resistance detected

Cape Verde

1

1

N

0

0

-

-

-

-

-

Insufficient isolates—resistance not detected

CAR

2

84

N

2

84

33–51

0

0

0–0

N/A*

Insufficient isolates—resistance not detected

Chad

8

402

Y

5

382

31–128

6

1.6

0–4.7

0

Low

Congo

1

89

Y

1

89

-

3

3.4

-

N/A*

Insufficient isolates—resistance detected

Côte d'Ivoire

2

71

Y

1

57

-

0

0

-

N/A*

Insufficient isolates—resistance detected

DRC

3

451

N

3

451

21–376

0

0

0–0

0

Resistance not detected

Djibouti

2

32

Y

1

31

-

0

0

-

N/A*

Insufficient isolates—resistance detected ^

Egypt

71

4094

Y

36

3274

21–486

377

11.5

0–83.3

7.9

High

Equatorial Guinea

1

39

N

1

39

-

0

0

-

N/A*

Insufficient isolates—resistance not detected

Eritrea

1

14

N

0

0

-

-

-

-

-

Insufficient isolates—Resistance not detected

Ethiopia

19

1794

Y

12

1729

31–235

54

3.1

0–41.8

0.9

Low

Gabon

3

85

N

2

76

30–46

0

0

0–0

N/A*

Insufficient isolates—RESISTANCE not detected

Gambia

1

8

Y

0

0

-

-

-

-

-

Insufficient isolates—resistance detected

Ghana

12

394

Y

6

341

25–118

27

7.9

0–40.6

0

Low

Guinea

1

1

N

0

0

-

-

-

-

-

Insufficient isolates—resistance not detected

Guinea-Bissau

1

83

N

1

83

-

0

0

-

N/A*

Insufficient isolates—resistance not detected

Kenya

13

8603

Y

11

8595

25–5165

37

0.4

0–13

0

Low

Libya

14

1133

Y

7

1035

75–346

62

6

0–52

0.6

Low

Madagascar

9

1190

Y

5

1171

46–672

7

0.6

0–2

0.6

Low

Malawi

3

2600

Y

2

2592

657–1935

54

2.1

1.4–4.1

2.7

Moderate

Mali

3

164

Y

2

163

31–132

25

15.3

3.3–18.2

10.7

High

Mauritania

1

366

Y

1

366

-

4

1.1

-

1

Moderate

Mauritius

2

184

Y

1

183

-

5

2.7

-

3

Moderate

Morocco

15

3292

Y

7

3197

83–1174

41

1.3

0–5.7

1.1

Moderate

Mozambique

5

176

N

3

161

35–75

0

0

0–0

0

Resistance not detected

Niger

4

679

Y

2

461

27–434

0

0

0–0

0

Low

Nigeria

62

3095

Y

30

2567

21–278

265

10.3

0–63

2.7

Moderate

Rwanda

5

417

Y

4

410

55–139

8

2

0–8

1.7

Moderate

Sao Tome and Principe

1

30

Y

0

0

-

-

-

-

-

Insufficient isolates—resistance detected

Senegal

6

174

Y

3

156

33–74

1

0.6

0–3

0

Low

Sierra Leone

5

14

Y

0

0

-

-

-

-

-

Insufficient isolates—resistance detected ^

Somalia

1

27

N

1

27

-

0

0

-

N/A*

Insufficient isolates—resistance not detected

South Africa

36

24,270

Y

22

24,135

20–14,348

264

1.1

0–82.6

0

Low

South Sudan

1

65

N

0

0

-

-

-

-

-

Insufficient isolates—Resistance NOT detected

Sudan

10

614

Y

3

520

71–326

72

13.8

9–36.6

10.7

High

Tanzania

22

912

Y

13

819

20–164

18

2.2

0–19.2

0

Low

Togo

5

164

Y

1

35

-

0

0

-

N/A*

Insufficient isolates—resistance detected

Tunisia

17

21,324

Y

10

21,299

48–9485

207

1

0–3.7

0.6

Low

Uganda

13

598

Y

5

372

22–181

18

4.8

0–19

4.5

Moderate

Zambia

3

477

Y

3

477

56–343

341

71.5

0–99.3

0

Low

Zimbabwe

2

24

N

1

23

-

0

0

-

N/A*

Insufficient isolates—resistance not detected

All reporting countries

432

81,970

Y

229

78,934

20–14,348

1930

2.4**

–

–

–

  1. Y one or more resistant isolates identified phenotypically or genotypically
  2. N no resistant isolates identified phenotypically or genotypically
  3. ^Only genotypic resistance reported
  4. *Insufficient isolates (< 100) for carbapenem resistance estimate
  5. **Calculation should not be considered an estimate of overall resistance due to varying totals of specimens meeting criteria across nations
  6. -Data not available
  7. –Not calculated