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Table 6 Carbapenem resistance (R) estimates and data for Klebsiella spp. isolates from studies including samples from 2010 and later

From: Review and analysis of the overlapping threats of carbapenem and polymyxin resistant E. coli and Klebsiella in Africa

    

Findings in reports from all study years meeting criteria for generalizability

Resistance estimate category

Nations

Number of reports

Specimens in all reports

Any R

Reports meeting criteria

Total specimens meeting criteria

Range of specimens among studies

Resistant specimens (#)

Resistant specimens (%)

Resistant range (%)

Median R

Algeria

24

1205

Y

6

1029

24–608

25

2.4

0–20

0

Low

Angola

2

49

Y

0

0

-

-

-

-

-

Insufficient isolates—resistance detected

Benin

2

51

Y

1

41

-

1

2.4

-

N/A*

Insufficient isolates—Resistance detected

Botswana

1

40

N

0

0

-

-

-

-

-

Insufficient isolates—resistance not detected

Burkina Faso

11

234

N

2

179

70–109

0

0

0–0

0

Resistance not detected

Cameroon

3

154

Y

2

151

52–99

4

2.6

0–4

2

Moderate

CAR

2

34

N

1

24

-

0

0

-

N/A*

Insufficient isolates—Resistance not detected

Chad

4

87

Y

3

86

23–35

1

1.2

0–2.9

N/A*

Insufficient isolates—resistance detected

Côte d'Ivoire

2

115

Y

1

107

-

0

0

-

0

Low

DRC

2

167

Y

2

167

21–146

1

0.6

0–4.8

2.4

Moderate

Egypt

94

4925

Y

45

3617

20–425

1321

36.5

0–86.4

26

High

Equatorial Guinea

1

30

Y

1

30

-

1

3.3

-

N/A*

Insufficient isolates—resistance detected

Ethiopia

27

808

Y

9

675

30–154

78

11.6

0–30

10.7

High

Gabon

5

161

Y

2

146

67–79

0

0

0–0

0

Low

Gambia

1

9

Y

0

0

-

-

-

-

-

Insufficient isolates—Resistance detected

Ghana

12

366

Y

7

334

20–91

84

25.1

0–57.1

1.6

Moderate

Guinea-Bissau

1

91

N

1

91

-

0

0

-

N/A*

Insufficient isolates—resistance not detected

Kenya

17

964

Y

10

929

25–272

117

12.6

0–30

5.5

High

Libya

20

655

Y

7

464

24–158

202

43.5

0–92

26.9

High

Madagascar

8

306

Y

4

261

22–122

13

5

0–17

8.6

High

Malawi

5

1310

Y

2

1276

173–1103

60

4.7

2.7–17.3

10

High

Mali

2

67

Y

2

67

26–41

7

10.4

0–17.1

N/A*

Insufficient isolates—resistance detected

Mauritania

1

137

N

1

137

-

0

0

-

0

Resistance not detected

Mauritius

3

223

Y

2

222

104–118

13

5.9

1.9–9

5.4

High

Morocco

27

1671

Y

9

1348

24–389

69

5.1

0–22.5

3.1

Moderate

Mozambique

3

44

N

1

21

-

0

0

-

N/A*

Insufficient isolates—resistance not detected

Namibia

1

280

Y

1

280

-

1

0.4

-

0.4

Low

Niger

1

9

N

0

0

-

-

-

-

-

Insufficient isolates—resistance not detected

Nigeria

58

2642

Y

28

2343

21–600

287

12.2

0–81

8.9

High

Rwanda

5

247

Y

4

239

22–91

4

1.7

0–4.6

0

Low

Sao Tome and Principe

1

4

Y

0

0

-

-

-

-

-

Insufficient isolates—resistance detected

Senegal

5

116

Y

2

55

21–34

2

3.6

2.9–5

N/A*

Insufficient isolates—resistance detected

Sierra Leone

4

15

Y

0

0

-

-

-

-

-

Insufficient isolates—resistance detected ^

South Africa

62

37,049

Y

27

34,593

21–15,589

4051

11.7

0–90.1

3.5

Moderate

Sudan

8

576

Y

4

536

21–249

98

18.3

0–58

14.3

High

Tanzania

19

689

Y

11

618

20–139

16

2.6

0–13.6

0

Low

Togo

3

79

Y

0

0

-

-

-

-

-

Insufficient isolates—resistance detected

Tunisia

38

10,256

Y

12

9766

24–2826

1414

14.5

0–41.2

12.9

High

Uganda

14

262

Y

2

61

22–39

1

1.6

0–4.3

N/A*

Insufficient isolates—resistance detected

Zambia

4

683

Y

4

683

58–432

435

63.7

1–99.2

4.3

Moderate

All reporting countries

503

66,810

Y

216

60,576

20–15,589

8306

13.7**

–

–

–

  1. Y one or more resistant isolates identified phenotypically or genotypically
  2. N no resistant isolates identified phenotypically or genotypically
  3. ^Only genotypic resistance reported
  4. *Insufficient isolates (< 100) for carbapenem resistance estimate
  5. **Calculation should not be considered an estimate of overall resistance due to varying totals of specimens meeting criteria across nations
  6. -Data not available
  7. –Not calculated
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Antimicrobial Resistance & Infection Control

ISSN: 2047-2994

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