Antimicrobial resistance from a One Health perspective in Zambia: a systematic review

Table 1 Summary of the articles included in the systematic review

Resistance type	Number of Articles	AMR context (Samples studied)				Output
		Human (H)	Animal (A)	Environmental (E)	One Health (AHE)	Policy	Surveillance
a
Antibacterial	16	9 (+ 2)	2 (+ 2)	2 (+ 2)	3 (AE, HE, HA)	0	16
Antimalarial	1	1	0	0	0	0	1
Antiviral	3	3	0	0	0	0	3
Antitubercular	5	5	0	0	0	0	5
Antifungal	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Total	25	18 (20)	2 (4)	2 (4)	3	0	25

	Pathology in human samples	n (%) (n = 20)	Study
b
1	Breast abscess	1 (5)	Kapatamoyo et al. [16]
2	Cholera	1 (5)	Mwape et al. [17]
3	Chronic suppurative otitis media	1 (5)	Matundwelo and Mwansasu [18]
4	Diarrheal disease	2 (10)	Mainda et al. [19, 20], Chiyangi et al. [21]
5	HIV	4 (20)	Gill et al. [22], Bennett et al. [23], Inzaule et al. [24], Miti et al. [25]
6	Hospital acquired infections	1 (5)	Chanda et al. [26]
7	Malaria	1 (5)	Bijl et al. [27]
8	Neonatal sepsis	1 (5)	Kabwe et al. [28]
9	Not mentioned	2 (10)	Ziwa et al. [29], Nagelkerke et al. [30]
10	Tuberculosis	5 (25)	Mulenga et al. [31], Habeenzu et al. [32], Kapata et al. [33, 34], Masenga et al. [35], Kapata et al. [33, 34]
11	Typhoid	1 (5)	Hendriksen et al. [36]

	Samples	Human studies	Animal studies	Total Studies (A + E)	Total %
c
1	Blood	7		7	26
2	Sputum	5		5	19
3	Stool	4		4	15
4	Wound Swab	3	1	4	15
5	Aspirates	1		1	4
6	Nasal swab	1	1	2	7
7	Rectal swab	1		1	4
8	Urine	1		1	4
9	Oral swab	1	1	2	7

ISSN: 2047-2994