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Table 3 Reported episodes of contaminated quaternary ammonium disinfectant or antiseptic. Cite at line 341

From: Quaternary ammonium disinfectants and antiseptics: tolerance, resistance and potential impact on antibiotic resistance

Year

Author

Pathogen

Product Type

Type of Report

1951

Lowbury

Pseudomonas pyocyanea

Antiseptic

Infection outbreak

1957

Keown

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Disinfectant

Infection outbreak

1958

Plotkin

Pseudomonas

Antiseptic

Infection outbreak

1959

Shickman

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Disinfectant

Single infection

1960

Malizia

Enterobacter aerogenes

Antiseptic

Infection outbreak

1961

Lee

Pseudomonas/ Achromobacter group

Antiseptic

Infection outbreak

1967

Burdon

Pseudomonas multivorans

Antiseptic

No confirmed infections

1969

CDC*

Pseudomonas kingii

Antiseptic

Infection outbreak

1970

Hardy

Pseudomonas EO-1

Disinfectant

Infection outbreak

1970

Bassett

Burkholderia cepacia **

Antiseptic

Infection outbreak

1970

Gilardi

Pseudomonas EO-1

Antiseptic

Outcome unclear

1976

Dixon

Pseudomonas species

Disinfectant

Infection outbreak

1976

Kaslow

Burkholderia cepacia; Enterobacter

Antiseptic

Pseudo-outbreak

1976

Frank

Burkholderia cepacia

Antiseptic

Infection outbreak

1976

Morris

Burkholderia cepacia

Antiseptic

Single infection

1976

Guinness

Burkholderia cepacia

Antiseptic

Infection outbreak

1976

Wishart

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia

Antiseptic

Infection outbreak

1980

Ehrenkranz

Serratia marcescens

Disinfectant

Infection outbreak; contaminated surfaces

1981

Fox

Serratia marcescens

Antiseptic

Infection outbreak (dogs and cats)

1982

Van Damme

Serratia marcescens

Antiseptic

Outbreak of bovine mastitis infections

1984

Sautter

Serratia marcescens

Antiseptic

Single infection

1987

Nakashima

Serratia marcescens

Antiseptic

Infection outbreak

1988

Gahrn-Hansen

Achromobacter xylosoxidans

Disinfectant

Infection outbreak

1990

Georgia DPH

Mycobacterium chelonae

Antiseptic

Infection outbreak

1996

Nagai

Pseudomonas fluorescens

Disinfectant

No infections

1996

Oie

Burkholderia cepacia; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Pseudomonas fluorescens

Antiseptic and

Disinfectant

No Infections

1999

Olson

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Disinfectant

Infection outbreak

2000

Kaitwatcharachai

Burkholderia cepacia

Disinfectant

Infection outbreak

2002

Lehours

Achromobacter xylosoxidans

Disinfectant

Infection outbreak

2003

Tiwari

Mycobacterium abscessus

Antiseptic

Infection outbreak

2003

Gajadhar

Pseudomonas

Antiseptic

Survey

2005

Ebner

Burkholderia cepacia

Disinfectant

Pseudo-outbreak

2005

Fisher

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Antiseptic

Infection outbreak

2006

Lo Cascio

Burkholderia cenocepacia

Disinfectant

Infection outbreak

2007

Siebor

Pseudomonas fluorescens; Achromobacter xylosoxidans

Disinfectant

Pseudo-outbreak

2008

Lee CS

Burkholderia cepacia

Antiseptic

Infection outbreak

2010

Hakuno

Pseudomonas fluorescens;Burkholderia cepacia; Aeromonas species

Antiseptic

No infections

2014

Kampf

Achromobacter species; Serratia marcescens

Disinfectant

Survey

2015

Kupfahl

Achromobacter species

Disinfectant

Survey

2015

Hugon

Achromobacter denitificans

Disinfectant

Infection outbreak; contaminated surfaces

2016

Tandel

Burkholderia cepacia

Antiseptic

Pseudo-outbreak

2021

FDA

Burkholderia cepacia complex

Ralstonia pickettii

Hand sanitizer

No reported infections

2022

Boyce

Serratia marcescens; Achromobacter xylosoxidans

Disinfectant

No infections; contaminated high-touch surfaces

  1. * Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
  2. ** Originally classified as Pseudomonas cepacia (mulivorans)