Table 2 Positive vs negative association of risk factors with MDR-TB in Ethiopia
Risk factor | Positive association with drug resistance | Negative association with drug resistance |
|---|---|---|
Previous exposure to anti-TB treatment | Agonafir et al.[19], Abate et al.[22], Tessema et al.[23], Esmael et al.[27], Hirpa et al.[31], Berhan et al.[33] | Biadglegne et al.[26] |
1+ bacterial load | Esmael et al.[27] | Â |
Drug side effects to first-line anti-TB drugs | Hirpa et al.[31] | Â |
Treatment not directly observed by a health worker | Hirpa et al.[31] | Â |
Interruption of treatment at least a day | Hirpa et al.[31] | Â |
HIV/AIDS | Abate et al.[22], Tessema et al.[23], Hirpa et al.[31], Berhan et al.[33] | |
Age | Â | Yimer et al.[21], Abate et al.[22], Tessema et al.[23], Esmael et al.[27], Hirpa et al.[31], Berhan et al.[33] |
Being male | Biadglegne et al.[26] | Yimer et al.[21], Abate et al.[22], Tessema et al.[23], Esmael et al.[27], Hirpa et al.[31], |
Newly treated cases | Biadglegne et al.[26] | Agonafir et al.[19], Abate et al.[22], Tessema et al.[23], Esmael et al.[27], Hirpa et al.[31], Berhan et al.[33] |
Treatment in poorly performing control program | FMOH[32] | Â |
Exposure to a known MDR-TB case | FMOH[32] | Â |
History of using poor quality of drugs | FMOH[32] | Â |
Mal-absorption | FMOH[32] | Â |
Failure of first-line short-course chemotherapy | FMOH[32] | Â |