Table 1 Summary of included studies
Author | Year | Country/territory of analysis | Region | Income level | Setting | Intervention | Perspective |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Clancy et al. [32] | 2006 | US | North America | High | Health facilities | Health care processes and guidelines | Health care system or health care payer or hospital |
D'Agata et al. [33] | 2018 | US | North America | High | Health facilities | Antimicrobial stewardship | Health care system or health care payer or hospital |
Fox et al. [34] | 2015 | US | North America | High | Community | Pharmaceutical intervention | Health care system or health care payer or hospital |
Gidengil et al. [35] | 2015 | US | North America | High | Health facilities | Health care processes and guidelines | Health care system or health care payer or hospital |
Gurieva et al. [36] | 2013 | Netherlands | Europe and Central Asia | High | Health facilities | Health care processes and guidelines | Health care system or health care payer or hospital |
Harding-Esch et al. [37] | 2020 | England | Europe and Central Asia | High | Health facilities | Pharmaceutical intervention | Health care system or health care payer or hospital |
Ho et al. [38] | 2016 | Hong Kong | East Asia and Pacific | High | Health facilities | Health care processes and guidelines | Health care system or health care payer or hospital |
Höjgård et al. [39] | 2015 | Sweden | Europe and Central Asia | High | Other | Health care processes and guidelines | Societal |
Hubben et al. [40] | 2011 | US | North America | High | Health facilities | Health care processes and guidelines | Health care system or health care payer or hospital |
Jakab et al. [41] | 2015 | Multiple (WHO European Region) | Europe and Central Asia | High | Not specified | Government policies and legislations | Health care system or health care payer or hospital |
Jansen et al. [42] | 2009 | Netherlands | Europe and Central Asia | High | Community | Pharmaceutical intervention | Other |
Jayaraman et al. [43] | 2018 | US | North America | High | Health facilities | Health care processes and guidelines | Health care system or health care payer or hospital |
Kip et al. [44] | 2015 | Netherlands | Europe and Central Asia | High | Health facilities | Health care processes and guidelines | Health care system or health care payer or hospital |
Meropol et al. [45] | 2008 | US | North America | High | Community | Health care processes and guidelines | Other |
Mewes et al. [46] | 2019 | US | North America | High | Health facilities | Antimicrobial stewardship | Health care system or health care payer or hospital |
Oppong et al. [47] | 2013 | Norway, Sweden | Europe and Central Asia | High | Health facilities | Medical technologies | Health care system or health care payer or hospital |
Oppong et al. [48] | 2016 | Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Poland, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, and UK (England and Wales) | Europe and Central Asia | High | Health facilities | Pharmaceutical intervention | Health care system or health care payer or hospital |
Oppong et al. [49] | 2018 | Belgium, Netherlands, Poland, Spain, UK (England and Wales) | Europe and Central Asia | High | Health facilities | Awareness generation activities | Health care system or health care payer or hospital |
Pham et al. [50] | 2016 | Vietnam | East Asia and Pacific | Lower-middle | Community | Health care processes and guidelines | Health care system or health care payer or hospital |
Phillips et al. [51] | 2021 | South Africa | Sub-Saharan Africa | Upper-middle | Community | Pharmaceutical intervention | Health care system or health care payer or hospital |
Puzniak et al. [52] | 2004 | US | North America | High | Health facilities | Health care processes and guidelines | Health care system or health care payer or hospital |
Robotham et al. [53] | 2011 | England and Wales | Europe and Central Asia | High | Health facilities | Health care processes and guidelines | Health care system or health care payer or hospital |
Robotham et al. [54] | 2016 | UK | Europe and Central Asia | High | Health facilities | Health care processes and guidelines | Health care system or health care payer or hospital |
Ruiz-Ramos et al. [55] | 2017 | Spain | Europe and Central Asia | High | Health facilities | Antimicrobial stewardship | Health care system or health care payer or hospital |
Scheetz et al. [56] | 2009 | US | North America | High | Health facilities | Antimicrobial stewardship | Health care system or health care payer or hospital |
Smith et al. [57] | 2006 | UK | Europe and Central Asia | High | Other | Government policies and legislations | Other |
Tran et al. [58] | 2016 | US | North America | High | Health facilities | Awareness generation activities | Health care system or health care payer or hospital |
Voermans et al. [59] | 2019 | US | North America | High | Health facilities | Antimicrobial stewardship | Health care system or health care payer or hospital and societal |
Wang et al. [60] | 2020 | China | East Asia and Pacific | Upper-middle | Health facilities | Health care processes and guidelines | Health care system or health care payer or hospital |
Wassenberg et al. [61] | 2010 | Netherlands | Europe and Central Asia | High | Health facilities | Health care processes and guidelines | Health care system or health care payer or hospital |
Wilton et al. [62] | 2001 | US and South Africa | Multiple Region | High and upper-middle | Health facilities | Health care processes and guidelines | Health care system or health care payer or hospital |
Win et al. [63] | 2015 | Singapore | East Asia and Pacific | High | Health facilities | Health care processes and guidelines | Health care system or health care payer or hospital |
Winetsky et al. [64] | 2012 | Latvia, Russia and Tajikistan | Europe and Central Asia | High, upper-middle and lower-middle | Other | Health care processes and guidelines | Health care system or health care payer or hospital |
You et al. [65] | 2012 | Hong Kong | East Asia and Pacific | High | Health facilities | Health care processes and guidelines | Health care system or health care payer or hospital |
You et al. [66] | 2018 | Hong Kong | East Asia and Pacific | High | Health facilities | Pharmaceutical intervention and health care processes and guidelines | Health care system or health care payer or hospital |