Table 2 Comparisons of patient eligible for screenings, new CPE patients by sample and screen, and the incidence of CPE colonization or infection before (Phase 1) and after (Phase 2) the enhanced screening program

Number of patients with risk factors (%)

    Previous colonization/infection

12 (0.05)

111 (0.4)

    Previous admission to HCFs within 6 months

6,662 (30.0)

8,889 (32.6)

< 0.001

    Receipt of hemodialysis

620 (2.8)

798 (2.9)

< 0.001

    Transfer from outside HCFs

1406 (6.3)

2111 (7.7)

< 0.001

Number of ICU patients eligible for screening (%)

    ICU universal admission screening

2,376 (10.7)

2,652 (9.7)

< 0.001

    ICU weekly screening

NA

765 (2.8)

Positive screening per 1,000 screens¹

IRR (95% CI)

P-value

    Admission screening

11.7

5.3

0.45 (0.29–0.71)

0.001

    ICU universal admission screening

9.4

4.4

0.47 (0.19–1.14)

0.07

    ICU weekly screening

18.8

Positive screening per 1,000 admissions¹

IRR (95% CI)

P-value

    Admission screening

1.2

2.3

1.90 (1.21–2.99)

0.005

    ICU universal admission screening

5.5

4.2

0.76 (0.31–1.83)

0.507

    ICU weekly screening

15.7

Incidence of CPE colonization/infection per 1,000 admissions

IRR (95% CI)

P-value

    Total new CPE patients

3.1

3.4

1.08 (0.79–1.48)

0.613

    New CPE from screening samples

2.6

3.3

1.27 (0.91–1.76)

0.162

    New CPE from clinical samples

0.5

0.1

0.20 (0.06–0.72)

0.014

    Hospital-onset CPE patients

1.9

1.1

0.57 (0.36–0.91)

0.018

    Patients with CPE-positive clinical cultures¹

0.7

0.4

0.65 (0.31–1.39)

0.270