Prevalence of vancomycin-resistant Enterococci in India between 2000 and 2022: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Table 3 Subgroup analysis of the included studies

Subgroups	Number of studies	Total Enterococci isolates	Total VRE isolates	Pooled prevalence	CI lower limit	CI upper limit	I² (%)	p-value
Zone^a
Northern India	7	756	127	0.163	0.096	0.264	85.425	0.000
North-eastern India	2	73	18	0.247	0.162	0.359	0.000	0.609
Eastern India	1	457	41	0.090	0.067	0.120	-	-
Southern India	2	495	32	0.026	0.001	0.363	80.067	0.025
Western India	3	525	72	0.101	0.038	0.241	86.533	0.001
Central India	3	1177	50	0.092	0.027	0.265	92.983	0.000
Study period^b
2000–2010	4	689	40	0.048	0.021	0.108	64.047	0.039
2011–2020	11	2576	253	0.141	0.088	0.219	93.013	0.000
AST method
Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion	8	569	94	0.203	0.123	0.315	79.360	0.000
VITEK-2	1	457	41	0.090	0.067	0.120	-	-
Broth microdilution	1	291	57	0.196	0.154	0.245	-	-
Vancomycin agar screen test	2	180	15	0.072	0.048	0.106	0.000	0.336
Multiple AST methods	7	2042	153	0.077	0.035	0.160	94.261	0.000
Specimen type^c
Urine	6	922	113	0.151	0.082	0.259	89.708	0.000
Stool	1	6	2	0.333	0.084	0.732	-	-
Blood	1	50	0	0.010	0.001	0.138	-	-
Surgical site swab	1	9	3	0.333	0.111	0.667	-	-
Multiple specimens	8	2225	178	0.088	0.045	0.166	93.822	0.000

‘-’ means data was not available, CI = Confidence interval, AST = antimicrobial susceptibility testing, VRE = vancomycin-resistant Enterococci
Note: The random-effects model was used
^aOne paper did not report its study location
^bFour studies did not address their respective study periods
^cTwo studies did not name the specimen type(s) used

ISSN: 2047-2994