From: Environmental approaches to controlling Clostridioides difficile infection in healthcare settings
Elements of Clostridioides difficile Environmental Epidemiology | |
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1. At the time of hospitalization 10.6% of patients (range 2.8–21%) are CD carriers | |
2. During hospitalization 12.5% of patients (range 2.9–21%) are CD carriers | |
3. Transmission of CD spores to environmental surfaces is associated with: | |
Patients with acute infection | |
Patients recovering from acute infection | |
Asymptomatic CD colonized patients | |
4. Treatment does not decrease ongoing environmental spore contamination for more than a month | Ref: [49] |
5. Wide spread surface contamination far from known CD infected patients | |
6. Increased Cleaning and disinfection result in: | Ref: [99] |
Decreased surface and hand contamination | |
Decreased CD acquisition | |
7. Genomic confirmation of the role of asymptomatic CD carriers in transmission | |
8. Acquisition of CD from a prior room occupant is significantly dependent on the prior room occupant receiving antibiotics |