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Table 2 Mean relative change of Access group Antibiotics

From: Estimating antibiotics consumption in a tertiary care hospital in Islamabad using a WHO’s defined daily dose methodology

Antibiotics

Route

DDD/100-BD per Year

Mean Relative Change (%)

(2017–2021)

2017

2018

2019

2020

2021

Amikacin Sulphate

IV

1.772

2.425

1.054

2.083

2.276

 

Relative Change

  

36.830

-40.5

17.52

28.420

10.55

Amoxicillin

Oral

0.447

0.488

0.219

0.115

0.060

 

Relative Change

  

9.23

-51.04

-74.34

-86.53

-50.67

Ampicillin

IV

0.735

1.072

0.950

0.860

0.536

 

Relative Change

  

45.749

29.22

16.998

-27.08

16.22

Benzathine Penicillin

IM

0.001

0.0001

0.002

0.0001

0.0003

 

Relative Change

  

-86.45

124.5

-85.41

-66.49

-28.46

Benzyl Penicillin

(penicillin G) IM/IV

IV

0.236

0.485

0.342

0.290

0.105

 

Relative Change

  

104.94

44.58

22.641

-55.58

29.15

Co-Amoxiclav

(Amoxicillin +

Clavulanic acid)

IV

5.371

5.830

3.824

7.440

3.011

 

Relative Change

  

8.561

-28.80

38.539

-43.93

-6.41

Co-Amoxiclav

(Amoxicillin +

Clavulanic acid)

Oral

1.599

0.949

0.905

0.539

0.420

 

Relative Change

  

-40.64

-43.43

-66.31

-73.74

-56.04

Cefadroxil

Oral

0.004

0.004

0.001

0.001

0.001

 

Relative Change

  

-12.45

-83.88

-76.44

-81.95

-63.68

Cefazolin

IV

1.459

1.201

1.574

1.007

0.602

 

Relative Change

  

-17.72

7.848

-30.95

-58.71

-24.89

Cephradine

IV

0.161

0.143

0.194

0.100

0.038

 

Relative Change

  

-11.12

20.19

-38.18

-76.66

-26.45

Cephradine

Oral

0.060

0.156

0.020

0.022

0.007

 

Relative Change

  

159.88

-67.16

-63.82

-87.66

-14.69

Doxycycline

Oral

0.554

0.007

0.603

1.821

0.071

 

Relative Change

  

-98.71

8.813

228.57

-87.17

12.87

Gentamicin

IV

6.806

0.687

0.403

0.417

0.486

 

Relative Change

  

-89.91

-94.07

-93.87

92.860

-92.68

Metronidazole

IV

5.061

5.404

6.577

5.684

2.345

 

Relative Change

  

6.774

29.95

12.306

53.673

-1.16

Trimethoprim

/sulfamethoxazole (Co-Trimoxazole)

Oral

0.354

0.232

0.163

0.230

0.238

 

Relative Change

  

-34.56

-53.9

-35.04

-32.89

-39.10