Antibiotics | Route | DDD/100-BD per Year | Mean Relative Change (%) (2017–2021) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | |||
Amikacin Sulphate | IV | 1.772 | 2.425 | 1.054 | 2.083 | 2.276 | |
Relative Change | 36.830 | -40.5 | 17.52 | 28.420 | 10.55 | ||
Amoxicillin | Oral | 0.447 | 0.488 | 0.219 | 0.115 | 0.060 | |
Relative Change | 9.23 | -51.04 | -74.34 | -86.53 | -50.67 | ||
Ampicillin | IV | 0.735 | 1.072 | 0.950 | 0.860 | 0.536 | |
Relative Change | 45.749 | 29.22 | 16.998 | -27.08 | 16.22 | ||
Benzathine Penicillin | IM | 0.001 | 0.0001 | 0.002 | 0.0001 | 0.0003 | |
Relative Change | -86.45 | 124.5 | -85.41 | -66.49 | -28.46 | ||
Benzyl Penicillin (penicillin G) IM/IV | IV | 0.236 | 0.485 | 0.342 | 0.290 | 0.105 | |
Relative Change | 104.94 | 44.58 | 22.641 | -55.58 | 29.15 | ||
Co-Amoxiclav (Amoxicillin + Clavulanic acid) | IV | 5.371 | 5.830 | 3.824 | 7.440 | 3.011 | |
Relative Change | 8.561 | -28.80 | 38.539 | -43.93 | -6.41 | ||
Co-Amoxiclav (Amoxicillin + Clavulanic acid) | Oral | 1.599 | 0.949 | 0.905 | 0.539 | 0.420 | |
Relative Change | -40.64 | -43.43 | -66.31 | -73.74 | -56.04 | ||
Cefadroxil | Oral | 0.004 | 0.004 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | |
Relative Change | -12.45 | -83.88 | -76.44 | -81.95 | -63.68 | ||
Cefazolin | IV | 1.459 | 1.201 | 1.574 | 1.007 | 0.602 | |
Relative Change | -17.72 | 7.848 | -30.95 | -58.71 | -24.89 | ||
Cephradine | IV | 0.161 | 0.143 | 0.194 | 0.100 | 0.038 | |
Relative Change | -11.12 | 20.19 | -38.18 | -76.66 | -26.45 | ||
Cephradine | Oral | 0.060 | 0.156 | 0.020 | 0.022 | 0.007 | |
Relative Change | 159.88 | -67.16 | -63.82 | -87.66 | -14.69 | ||
Doxycycline | Oral | 0.554 | 0.007 | 0.603 | 1.821 | 0.071 | |
Relative Change | -98.71 | 8.813 | 228.57 | -87.17 | 12.87 | ||
Gentamicin | IV | 6.806 | 0.687 | 0.403 | 0.417 | 0.486 | |
Relative Change | -89.91 | -94.07 | -93.87 | 92.860 | -92.68 | ||
Metronidazole | IV | 5.061 | 5.404 | 6.577 | 5.684 | 2.345 | |
Relative Change | 6.774 | 29.95 | 12.306 | 53.673 | -1.16 | ||
Trimethoprim /sulfamethoxazole (Co-Trimoxazole) | Oral | 0.354 | 0.232 | 0.163 | 0.230 | 0.238 | |
Relative Change | -34.56 | -53.9 | -35.04 | -32.89 | -39.10 |