Table 3 Mean relative change of Watch group Antibiotics
Antibiotics | Route | DDD/100-BD per Year | Mean Relative Change (%) (2017–2021) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | |||
Azithromycin | IV | 0.534 | 0.486 | 1.212 | 1.997 | 1.391 | |
Relative Change | -8.994 | 127.240 | 274.224 | 160.768 | 138.310 | ||
Azithromycin | Oral | 1.445 | 2.768 | 2.097 | 5.362 | 3.067 | |
Relative Change | 91.555 | 45.137 | 271.049 | 112.201 | 129.986 | ||
Cefaclor | Oral | 0.134 | 0.062 | 0.029 | 0.009 | 0.013 | |
Relative Change | -53.49 | -78.424 | -92.905 | -90.139 | -78.742 | ||
Cefepime | IV | 0.157 | 0.167 | 0.188 | 0.204 | 0.186 | |
Relative Change | 6.360 | 19.703 | 29.690 | 18.407 | 18.540 | ||
Cefixime | Oral | 6.013 | 6.378 | 7.560 | 4.497 | 2.559 | |
Relative Change | 6.080 | 25.724 | -25.207 | -57.441 | -12.711 | ||
Cefoperazone + Sulbactam | IV | 2.022 | 2.352 | 3.476 | 3.616 | 2.138 | |
Relative Change | 16.325 | 71.898 | 78.857 | 5.731 | 43.203 | ||
Cefotaxime Sodium | IV | 0.301 | 0.331 | 0.183 | 0.123 | 0.091 | |
Relative Change | 10.064 | -39.248 | -59.276 | -69.707 | -39.542 | ||
Ceftazidime | IV | 0.207 | 0.296 | 0.401 | 0.390 | 0.523 | |
Relative Change | 42.482 | 93.136 | 87.888 | 151.910 | 93.854 | ||
Ceftraxione Sodium | IV | 24.93 | 23.152 | 18.685 | 17.568 | 16.368 | |
Relative Change | -7.163 | -25.077 | -29.555 | -34.368 | -24.041 | ||
Cefuroxime Sodium | IV | 1.617 | 2.041 | 2.412 | 1.904 | 1.660 | |
Relative Change | 26.206 | 49.112 | 17.743 | 2.668 | 23.932 | ||
Cefuroxime Sodium | Oral | 0.049 | 0.031 | 0.021 | 0.008 | 0.017 | |
Relative Change | -36.10 | -56.008 | -83.348 | -63.960 | -59.855 | ||
Ciprofloxacin | IV | 0.713 | 0.765 | 0.625 | 0.722 | 0.592 | |
Relative Change | 7.266 | -12.313 | 1.247 | -16.970 | -5.193 | ||
Ciprofloxacin | Oral | 1.463 | 0.976 | 0.479 | 0.379 | 0.602 | |
Relative Change | -33.28 | -67.297 | -74.113 | -58.832 | -58.381 | ||
Clarithromycin | Oral | 0.229 | 0.424 | 0.302 | 0.186 | 0.173 | |
Relative Change | 85.394 | 31.973 | -18.946 | -24.289 | 18.533 | ||
Ertapenem | IV | 0.469 | 1.072 | 1.211 | 1.418 | 0.900 | |
Relative Change | 128.66 | 158.361 | 202.507 | 91.949 | 145.370 | ||
Fosfomycin | Oral | 0.038 | 0.238 | 0.255 | 0.207 | 0.351 | |
Relative Change | 531.59 | 576.48 | 448.934 | 829.064 | 596.519 | ||
Imipenem + Cilastatin | IV | 0.140 | 0.124 | 3.187 | 3.015 | 2.168 | |
Relative Change | -11.69 | 2177.6 | 2054.58 | 1449.65 | 1417.560 | ||
Levofloxacin | IV | 1.133 | 1.413 | 1.460 | 1.422 | 1.749 | |
Relative Change | 24.681 | 28.840 | 25.467 | 54.318 | 33.326 | ||
Levofloxacin | Oral | 2.596 | 2.207 | 1.557 | 1.631 | 1.467 | |
Relative Change | -14.99 | -40.036 | -37.176 | -43.492 | -33.925 | ||
Meropenem | IV | 13.33 | 14.268 | 11.503 | 16.014 | 15.828 | |
Relative Change | 7.010 | -13.726 | 20.105 | 18.707 | 8.024 | ||
Moxifloxacin | IV | 4.136 | 4.507 | 3.991 | 2.713 | 1.905 | |
Relative Change | 8.964 | -3.520 | -34.413 | -53.943 | -20.728 | ||
Moxifloxacin | Oral | 2.159 | 2.405 | 1.315 | 1.443 | 3.129 | |
Relative Change | 11.378 | -39.111 | -33.169 | 44.931 | -3.993 | ||
Minocycline* | Oral | 0.016 | 1.772 | ||||
Relative Change | 10851.8 | 10851.87 | |||||
Ofloxacin | Oral | 0.045 | 0.008 | 0.002 | 0.002 | 0.002 | |
Relative Change | -81.76 | -94.842 | -95.288 | -95.790 | -91.921 | ||
Piperacillin + Tazobactam | IV | 10.97 | 8.501 | 6.513 | 8.554 | 6.632 | |
Relative Change | -22.52 | -40.648 | -22.047 | -39.556 | -31.194 | ||
Streptomycin | IV | 0.074 | 0.063 | 0.019 | 0.004 | 0.004 | |
Relative Change | -14.82 | -74.388 | -95.274 | -94.209 | -69.673 | ||
Teicoplanin | IV | 0.521 | 0.263 | 0.114 | 0.608 | 0.466 | |
Relative Change | -49.45 | -78.186 | 16.717 | -10.563 | -30.371 | ||
Vancomycin | IV | 14.016 | 14.457 | 10.147 | 11.779 | 10.893 | |
Relative Change | 3.148 | -27.602 | -15.961 | -22.280 | -15.674 | ||