Table 3 Characteristics of the included studies with respect of study quality,-type,-place and type of intervention
Variable | Total (%) | Non-outbreak (%) | Outbreak (%) |
|---|---|---|---|
Studies | 74 (100) | 34 (46) | 40 (54) |
Study quality | |||
High quality | 4 (5) | 4 (100) | 0 |
Medium quality | 22 (29) | 14 (64) | 8 (36) |
Low quality | 48 (65) | 16 (33) | 32(67) |
Study type | |||
RCT | 18 (24) | 18 (100) | 0 |
Cohort study | 10 (13) | 7 (70) | 3 (30) |
Case control study | 6 (8) | 0 | 6 (100) |
Outbreak report | 30 (41) | 0 | 30 (100) |
Others (single arm trial, before-after study) | 10 (13) | 9 (90) | 1 (10) |
Place of study | |||
Europe | 23 (31) | 6 (26) | 17 (74) |
North America | 38 (51) | 18 (47) | 20 (53) |
Asia | 13 (18) | 10 (77) | 3 (23) |
Type of intervention | |||
IPC bundle | 31 (42) | 7 (23) | 24 (77) |
Mass testing | 11 (15) | 0 | 11 (100) |
Hand hygiene | 10 (14) | 10 (100) | 0 |
Education | 2 (3) | 2 (100) | 0 |
Isolation precautions | 1 (1) | 1 (100) | 0 |
Oral hygiene | 6 (8) | 6 (100) | 0 |
Vaccination | 7 (9) | 3 (43) | 4 (57) |
Decolonization | 1 (1) | 1 (100) | 0 |
Antimicrobial stewardship | 4 (5) | 4 (100) | 0 |
Antiviral prophylaxis | 1 (1) | 0 | 1 (100) |
Measured outcomes | |||
Infection rates | 33 (45) | 14 (42) | 19 (58) |
MDRO incidence | 12 (16) | 11 (92) | 1 (8) |
Oral health | 4 (5) | 4 (100) | 0 |
Adherence to IPC measures | 3 (4) | 3 (100) | 0 |
Knowledge about IPC topics | 2 (3) | 2 (100) | 0 |
Outbreak control | 8 (11) | 0 | 8 (100) |
Risk factor identification | 12 (16) | 0 | 12 (100) |