Table 3 Frequency and univariate analysis of previous and concurrent treatments associated with VRE nosocomial rectal colonization

Prior to hospitalization, n (%)

Use of antibiotics (\(\le\) 6 month)

84 (50.6)

53 (63.9)

31 (37.0)

2.96 (1.57–5.57)

0.001

 Vancomycin

16 (19.0)

14 (26.0)

2 (7.0)

5.20 (1.09–24.7)

0.038

 Teicoplanin

1 (1.0)

1 (2.0)

-

1 (omitted)

-

 Ceftriaxone

12 (14.0)

11 (21.0)

1 (3.0)

7.85 (0.96–64.16)

0.054

 Cefepime

2 (2.0)

-

2 (7.0)

1 (omitted)

-

 Levofloxacin

29 (35.0)

20 (38.0)

9 (29.0)

1.48 (0.57–3.84)

0.419

 Piperacillin-Tazobactam

35 (42.0)

27 (51.0)

8 (26.0)

2.98 (1.13–7.86)

0.027

 Meropenem

19 (23.0)

15 (28.0)

4 (13.0)

2.66 (0.79–8.91)

0.112

 Tigecycline

2 (2.0)

1 (2.0)

1 (3.0)

0.57 (0.03–9.56)

0.701

 Daptomycin

3 (4.0)

3 (6.0)

-

1 (omitted)

-

 Linezolid

11 (13.0)

10 (19.0)

1 (3.0)

6.97 (0.84–57.4)

0.071

Current hospitalization, n(%)

 Use of PPI

130 (78.3)

64 (77.1)

66 (80.0)

0.86 (0.41–1.81)

0.707

 Use of corticosteroids

115 (69.3)

65 (78.3)

50 (60.0)

2.38 (1.20–4.71)

0.013

 Antibiotic prophylaxis

117 (70.5)

62 (74.7)

55 (66.0)

1.50 (0.76–2.94)

0.235

 Antibiotic therapy

148 (89.2)

81 (97.6)

67 (81.0)

9.67 (2.14–43.57)

0.003

 Vancomycin, n (%)

 Vancomycin (oral/intravenous)

68 (41.0)

43 (51.8)

25 (30.0)

2.49 (1.31–4.71)

0.005

 Vancomycin (oral only)

8 (4.8)

4 (4.8)

4 (4.8)

0.57 (o.13-2.52)

0.463

 Vancomycin duration, days, mean\(\pm\)SD (range)

2.7 ± 4.8

(1–20)

2.9 ± 4.7

(1–18)

2.5 ± 4.9

(1–20)

1.01 (0.95–1.08)

0.572

 Third generation cephalosporins

36 (24,3)

25 (30,9)

11 (16,4)

2.27 (1.02–5.05)

0.044