Association between quality of governance, antibiotic consumption, and antimicrobial resistance: an analysis of Italian regions

Table 1 The relationships between governance indicators, antibiotic use, and antimicrobial resistance (AMR)

Governance indicators	Antibiotic consumption	Broad vs Narrow Spectrum Antibiotics	MRSA	CRKP	CREC	Aggregate AMR measure
EQI	− 0.791***	− 0.313	− 0.481*	− 0.701**	− 0.660**	− 0.720***
Quality	− 0.786***	− 0.386	− 0.472*	− 0.687**	− 0.657**	− 0.713***
Impartiality	− 0.755***	− 0.310	− 0.432	− 0.642**	− 0.556*	− 0.646**
Corruption	− 0.830***	− 0.266	− 0.471*	− 0.665**	− 0.677**	− 0.734***
Experienced Corruption	− 0.487*	− 0.271	− 0.126	− 0.247	− 0.280	− 0.322
Perceived Corruption	− 0.826***	− 0.249	− 0.517*	− 0.707**	− 0.734***	− 0.765***

Results are reported as Spearman's correlation coefficients of the bivariate relationships *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001
MRSA methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, CRKP carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae, CREC third-generation cephalosporin-resistant Escherichia coli, AMR antimicrobial resistance; EQI European Quality of Government Index

ISSN: 2047-2994