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P106: Towards a new methodology in hygienic handrub testing
Antimicrobial Resistance and Infection Control volume 2, Article number: P106 (2013)
Introduction
Internationally-recognized standards for evaluating alcohol based hand rubs (ABHR) differ significantly in methodology and success criteria. Hand hygiene authorities including the WHO and U.S. CDC have recognized inherent weaknesses with the current methods and have highlighted the need for improved in vivo efficacy methods, which reflect the use conditions and experience of healthcare practitioners.
Methods
Variables within the European Standard EN1500 (Hygienic Handrub) method and ASTM standard E2755-10 method, including methods of hand contamination and modes of recovery, were tested on their ability to provide a consistent, robust method for testing ABHR.
Results
The EN1500 method of contamination did not allow for hands to be sufficiently dry to adequately test smaller volumes of ABHR, typical of healthcare practitioner use. Whilst the ASTM E2755 method did allow for the hands to be sufficiently dry, the ‘glove-juice’ sampling technique of recovery was more cumbersome and led to a higher limit of detection, and thus potentially poor discrimination between products (2 x 3ml of 60% v/v propan-2-ol gave a mean log10 RF of 3.65; standard deviation 0.472). A hybrid method consisting of the ASTM E2755 method of contamination with an EN1500 method of recovery resulted in baseline recoveries of Escherichia coli K12 that were relatively low (mean log10 precount of 5.57; standard deviation 0.615). A hybrid method comprising the contamination of fingerpads with small volumes of microbial broth, coupled with the EN1500 method of recovery, appeared to yield a robust method that allowed dry hands to be tested with ABHR, with a low limit of detection (2 x 3ml of 60% v/v propan-2-ol gave a mean log10 RF of 5.62; standard deviation 1.108).
Conclusion
Whilst further work is needed, it appears that a method involving the contamination of fingerpads, followed by the EN1500 method of recovery, may be a suitable candidate for inclusion in a single, globally-recognized in vivo efficacy standard, which would be more predictive of ABHR performance under clinical use conditions.
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Wilkinson, M., Macinga, D., Bradley, C. et al. P106: Towards a new methodology in hygienic handrub testing. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 2, P106 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1186/2047-2994-2-S1-P106
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Keywords
- Hybrid Method
- Healthcare Practitioner
- Inherent Weakness
- European Standard EN1500
- Poor Discrimination
