Characteristics of the antibiotic regimen that affect antimicrobial resistance in urinary pathogens

Treatment duration, treatment interval, formulation and type of antimicrobial (antibiotic) are modifiable factors that will influence antimicrobial selection pressure. Currently, the impact of the route of adm...

Authors: Boudewijn Catry, Katrien Latour, Robin Bruyndonckx, Camellia Diba, Candida Geerdens and Samuel Coenen

Risk factors for poor outcome in community-onset Clostridium difficile infection

A substantial portion of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) cases occur in communities, and community-onset CDI (CO-CDI) can lead to serious complications including mortality. This study aimed to identify the ...

Authors: Eunyoung Lee, Kyoung-Ho Song, Ji Yun Bae, Doran Yoon, Joo-Hee Hwang, Pyoeng Gyun Choe, Wan Beom Park, Ji Hwan Bang, Eu Suk Kim, Sang Won Park, Nam Joong Kim, Myoung-don Oh and Hong Bin Kim

Comparing appropriateness of antibiotics for nursing home residents by setting of prescription initiation: a cross-sectional analysis

The pervasive, often inappropriate, use of antibiotics in healthcare settings has been identified as a major public health threat due to the resultant widespread emergence of antibiotic resistant bacteria. In ...

Authors: Michael Pulia, Michael Kern, Rebecca J. Schwei, Manish N. Shah, Emmanuel Sampene and Christopher J. Crnich

The prevalence, antibiotic resistance and mecA characterization of coagulase negative staphylococci recovered from non-healthcare settings in London, UK

Coagulase negative staphylococci (CoNS) are important reservoirs of antibiotic resistance genes and associated mobile genetic elements and are believed to contribute to the emergence of successful methicillin ...

Authors: Zhen Xu, Haroun N. Shah, Raju Misra, Jiazhen Chen, Wenhong Zhang, Yuting Liu, Ronald R. Cutler and Hermine V. Mkrtchyan

Whole genome sequencing reveals high clonal diversity of Escherichia coli isolated from patients in a tertiary care hospital in Moshi, Tanzania

Limited information regarding the clonality of circulating E. coli strains in tertiary care hospitals in low and middle-income countries is available. The purpose of this study was to determine the serotypes, ant...

Authors: Tolbert Sonda, Happiness Kumburu, Marco van Zwetselaar, Michael Alifrangis, Blandina T. Mmbaga, Frank M. Aarestrup, Gibson Kibiki and Ole Lund

Carbapenem non-susceptibility of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates in hospitals from 2011 to 2016, data from the German Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance (ARS)

Carbapenem resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae is of significant public health concern and recently spread across several countries. We investigated the extent of carbapenem non-susceptibility in K. pneumoniae is...

Authors: Uwe Koppe, Anja von Laer, Lars E. Kroll, Ines Noll, Marcel Feig, Marc Schneider, Hermann Claus, Tim Eckmanns and Muna Abu Sin

Whole genome sequence revealed the fine transmission map of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumonia isolates within a nosocomial outbreak

Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) is a major cause of nosocomial infections worldwide. The transmission route of CRKP isolates within an outbreak is rarely described. This study aimed to reveal th...

Authors: Wenjun Sui, Haijian Zhou, Pengcheng Du, Lijun Wang, Tian Qin, Mei Wang, Hongyu Ren, Yanfei Huang, Jing Hou, Chen Chen and Xinxin Lu

The tigecycline evaluation and surveillance trial; assessment of the activity of tigecycline and other selected antibiotics against gram-positive and gram-negative pathogens from France collected between 2004 and 2016

A high level of antibiotic consumption in France means antimicrobial resistance requires rigorous monitoring. The Tigecycline Evaluation and Surveillance Trial (T.E.S.T.) is a global surveillance study that mo...

Authors: Jean-Winoc Decousser, Paul-Louis Woerther, Claude-James Soussy, Marguerite Fines-Guyon and Michael J. Dowzicky

Social media posts and online search behaviour as early-warning system for MRSA outbreaks

Despite many preventive measures, outbreaks with multi-drug resistant micro-organisms (MDROs) still occur. Moreover, current alert systems from healthcare organizations have shortcomings due to delayed or inco...

Authors: Tom H. van de Belt, Pieter T. van Stockum, Lucien J. L. P. G. Engelen, Jules Lancee, Remco Schrijver, Jesús Rodríguez-Baño, Evelina Tacconelli, Katja Saris, Marleen M. H. J. van Gelder and Andreas Voss

Dynamics of colistin and tobramycin resistance among Enterobacter cloacae during prolonged use of selective decontamination of the digestive tract

A high prevalence of colistin resistance among E. cloacae isolates in two intensive care units (ICU) (of 16 and 6 beds) using selective digestive decontamination (SDD) since 1990 instigated a retrospective and pr...

Authors: M. J. D. Dautzenberg, J. R. Bayjanov, M. A. Leverstein-van Hall, A. E. Muller, L. B. S. Gelinck, C. L. Jansen, E. M. S. Leyten, T. Ruys, J. Scharringa, R. E. van der Starre, A. C. Fluit and M. J. M. Bonten

Abstracts from the Antimicrobial Resistance and Infection Control Conference 2018

Authors:

Epidemiology of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae bloodstream infections after renal transplantation from donation after cardiac death in a Chinese hospital: a case series analysis

Although the high mortality rates have been extensively reported worldwide, few studies have investigated the epidemiology of CRKP-BSIs in the early stage after kidney transplantation (KTx) from donation after...

Authors: Yuxi Wang, Hong Lei, Yuxiang Zhang, Qiwen Yang, Yu Wang, Jiaxing Wang, Cheng Xu, Jinggang Yu, Lili Zhou, Xiaoni Kang and Lei Cui

How long is enough? Identification of product dry-time as a primary driver of alcohol-based hand rub efficacy

The World Health Organization has called for the development of improved methodologies to evaluate alcohol-based handrub (ABHR) efficacy, including evaluation at “short application times and volumes that refle...

Authors: Miranda Suchomel, Rachel A. Leslie, Albert E. Parker and David R. Macinga

Enhancing pharmacists’ role in developing countries to overcome the challenge of antimicrobial resistance: a narrative review

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global health challenge and developing countries are more vulnerable to the adverse health impacts of AMR. Health care workers including pharmacists can play a key role to s...

Authors: M. H. F. Sakeena, Alexandra A. Bennett and Andrew J. McLachlan

The social biography of antibiotic use in smallholder dairy farms in India

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has been identified as one of the major threats to global health, food security and development today. While there has been considerable attention about the use and misuse of ant...

Authors: Abhimanyu Singh Chauhan, Mathew Sunil George, Pranab Chatterjee, Johanna Lindahl, Delia Grace and Manish Kakkar

Genome-based analysis of Carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from German hospital patients, 2008-2014

By using whole genome sequence data we aimed at describing a population snapshot of carbapenemase-producing K. pneumoniae isolated from hospitalized patients in Germany between 2008 and 2014.

Authors: Laura Becker, Martin Kaase, Yvonne Pfeifer, Stephan Fuchs, Annicka Reuss, Anja von Laer, Muna Abu Sin, Miriam Korte-Berwanger, Sören Gatermann and Guido Werner

Prevalence and patterns of drug resistance among pulmonary tuberculosis patients in Hangzhou, China

To evaluate prevalence and patterns of drug resistance among pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) patients in Hangzhou City, China.

Authors: Qingchun Li, Gang Zhao, Limin Wu, Min Lu, Wei Liu, Yifei Wu, Le Wang, Ke Wang, Han-Zhu Qian and Li Xie

Dissemination of bla_NDM-5 gene via an IncX3-type plasmid among non-clonal Escherichia coli in China

The emergence and spread of New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae has been a serious challenge to manage in the clinic due to its rapid dissemination of multi-drug resistance worldwide. As on...

Authors: Xi Li, Ying Fu, Mengyuan Shen, Danyan Huang, Xiaoxing Du, Qingfeng Hu, Yonglie Zhou, Dairong Wang and Yunsong Yu

Estimating the burden of antimicrobial resistance: a systematic literature review

Accurate estimates of the burden of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) are needed to establish the magnitude of this global threat in terms of both health and cost, and to paramaterise cost-effectiveness evaluatio...

Authors: Nichola R. Naylor, Rifat Atun, Nina Zhu, Kavian Kulasabanathan, Sachin Silva, Anuja Chatterjee, Gwenan M. Knight and Julie V. Robotham

An observational case study of hospital associated infections in a critical care unit in Astana, Kazakhstan

Hospital Associated infections (HAI) are very common in Intensive Care Units (ICU) and are usually associated with use of invasive devices in the patients. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence ...

Authors: Dmitriy Viderman, Yekaterina Khamzina, Zhannur Kaligozhin, Makhira Khudaibergenova, Agzam Zhumadilov, Byron Crape and Azliyati Azizan

Temporal relationship between antibiotic use and respiratory virus activities in the Republic of Korea: a time-series analysis

Inappropriate use of antibiotics increases resistance and reduces their effectiveness. Despite evidence-based guidelines, antibiotics are still commonly used to treat infections likely caused by respiratory vi...

Authors: Sukhyun Ryu, Sojung Kim, Bryan I. Kim, Eili Y. Klein, Young Kyung Yoon and Byung Chul Chun

Continuous increase of vancomycin resistance in enterococci causing nosocomial infections in Germany − 10 years of surveillance

Enterococci are frequent pathogens causing nosocomial infections in Germany. Infections due to strains with vancomycin resistance are high when compared with other European states. Therefore, the study aimed t...

Authors: Cornelius Remschmidt, Christin Schröder, Michael Behnke, Petra Gastmeier, Christine Geffers and Tobias Siegfried Kramer

A systematic review of the epidemiology of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae in the United States

Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) pose an urgent public health threat in the United States. An important step in planning and monitoring a national response to CRE is understanding its epidemiology...

Authors: Daniel J. Livorsi, Margaret L. Chorazy, Marin L. Schweizer, Erin C. Balkenende, Amy E. Blevins, Rajeshwari Nair, Matthew H. Samore, Richard E. Nelson, Karim Khader and Eli N. Perencevich

Prevalence, identification of virulence factors, O-serogroups and antibiotic resistance properties of Shiga-toxin producing Escherichia coli strains isolated from raw milk and traditional dairy products

Shiga-toxigenic Escherichia coli strains are one of the most important foodborne bacteria with an emergence of antibiotic resistance. Foodborne STEC strains are mainly associated with presence of certain virulenc...

Authors: Reza Ranjbar, Farhad Safarpoor Dehkordi, Mohammad Hossein Sakhaei Shahreza and Ebrahim Rahimi

Colonization sites in carriers of ESBL-producing Gram-negative bacteria

The distribution of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase-producing Gram-negative bacteria (ESBL-GNB) colonization sites is relevant for infection control guidelines on detection and follow-up of colonization. We q...

Authors: Joffrey van Prehn, Anna M. Kaiser, Suzanne D. van der Werff, Rosa van Mansfeld and Christina M. J. E. Vandenbroucke-Grauls