Since 2005, Burkina Faso adopted artesunate plus amodiaquine (ASAQ) and artemether-lumefantrine (AL) as first-line treatment for uncomplicated malaria. Despite improvement in that treatment, malaria remains the first cause of morbidity and mortality in the country.

This study aimed to analyze the therapeutic efficacies of ASAQ and AL for the treatment of uncomplicated falciparum malaria in Burkina Faso five years after their adoption.

Per-protocol individual data from four randomized clinical trials supported by IRSS-DRO Bobo Dioulasso in 2006, 2008, 2009 and 2010, including 1076 patients with uncomplicated P. falciparum malaria, treated with the recommended regimen of AL or ASAQ, were analyzed according to WWARN analytical methods. Patients benefited from a clinical and biological 28-day follow-up and performed on days 2, 3, 7, 14 and 28 to evaluate clinical and parasitological outcomes. Treatment failures have been corrected by PCR.

Using WWARN analytical methods, the unadjusted Kaplan-Meier survival estimates are 76.4% (95% CI (72.5-79.8)) in the AL group (N=544) and 87.1% (95% CI (83.9-89.7)) in the ASAQ group (N=532). After PCR correction, AL was less efficacious than ASAQ respectively 95.8% (95% CI (93.6-97.3)) vs 98.2% (95% CI (96.6-99.1)); OR=0,486 (95% CI (0.217-1.089). There was no significant correlation between the occurrence of recrudescent at day 28 end-point and study year in two groups (coefficient<0).

AL and ASAQ remain effective as treatment for uncomplicated malaria according to WHO recommendations, though AL was inferior in preventing recrudescent for 28-day follow-up.

None declared.