Variable | Case N° (%) | Controls N° (%) | p value |
---|---|---|---|
n = 67 | n = 134 | ||
Male | 32 (47.8) | 64 (47.8) | 1.00 |
Age | |||
≤ 40 | 2 (2.9) | 5 (3.7) | 0.786 |
41–64 | 32 (47.8) | 58 (43.3) | 0.547 |
≥ 65 years | 33 (49.2) | 71 (52.9) | 0.618 |
Diabetes mellitus | 10 (14.9) | 15 (11.2) | 0.451 |
Malignacy | 14 (20.9) | 22 (16.4) | 0.436 |
Previous hospitalization | 13 (19.4) | 19 (14.1) | 0.342 |
ICU admission | 22 (32.8) | 19 (14.1) | 0.003 |
≥ 5 days in ICU | 67 (100.0) | 121 (90.3) | 0.051 |
Nasogastric tube | 5 (7.4) | 1 (0.7) | 0.032 |
Mechanical ventilation | 4 (5.9) | 0 (0.0) | 0.032 |
Proton-pump inhibitors | 13 (19.4) | 8 (5.9) | 0.005 |
H2 receptor antagonist | 40 (59.7) | 62 (46.2) | 0.074 |
Corticosteroides | 4 (5.9) | 1 (0.7) | 0.059 |
One antibiotic | 32 (47.8) | 85 (63.4) | 0.035 |
Days of usage an antibiotic | 5.13 ± 2.14 | 4.40 ± 2.27 | 0.120 |
Two antibiotics | 20 (29.9) | 27 (20.1) | 0.128 |
Days of usage two antibiotics | 5.85 ± 3.79 | 4.63 ± 2.13 | 0.167 |
Three antibiotics | 9 (13.4) | 5 (3.7) | 0.017 |
Days of usage three antibiotics | 7.89 ± 5.89 | 5.60 ± 2.07 | 0.423 |
Four antibiotics | 4 (6.0) | 2 (1.5) | 0.103 |
Days of usage four antibiotics | 8.75 ± 4.35 | 7.00 ± 2.83 | 0.642 |
Cephalosporins 1st gen. | 15 (22.4) | 33 (24.6) | 0.726 |
Days of usage cephalosporins 1st gen. | 1.15 ± 2.47 | 1.04 ± 2.16 | 0.742 |
Cephalosporins 2nd gen. | 14 (20.9) | 25 (18.7) | 0.705 |
Days of usage cephalosporins 2nd gen. | 1.18 ± 2.50 | 0.96 ± 2.25 | 0.537 |
Cephalosporins 3rd gen. | 42 (62.7) | 62 (46.3) | 0.029 |
Days of usage cephalosporins 3rd gen. | 4.39 ± 4.59 | 2.51 ± 3.25 | 0.001 |
Aminiglycosides | 7 (10.4) | 18 (13.4) | 0.546 |
Days of usage Aminoglycosides | 0.91 ± 3.58 | 0.66 ± 2.10 | 0.528 |
Quinolones | 6 (8.9) | 4 (3.0) | 0.080 |
Days of usage Quinolones | 0.52 ± 1.76 | 0.16 ± 0.94 | 0.056 |
Sulfonamides | 3 (4.5) | 5 (3.7) | 0.799 |
Days of usage Sulfonamides | 0.25 ± 1.26 | 0.15 ± 0.86 | 0.491 |
Carbapenems | 6 (9.0) | 2 (1.5) | 0.024 |
Days of usage Carbapenems | 0.62 ± 2.10 | 0.10 ± 0.85 | 0.014 |