Reduced rate of intensive care unit acquired gram-negative bacilli after removal of sinks and introduction of ‘water-free’ patient care

Table 2 Characteristics of ICU admissions of ≥2 days before and after sink removal

	Pre intervention		Post intervention
	n	%	n	%	P-value
ICU admissions with LOS of ≥48 h	N = 1496		N = 1444
First or re-admission
Primary admissions	1351	90.3%	1307	90.5%	0.85
Re-admissions	145	9.7%	137	9.5%
Age, median (IQR)	62	[50–70]	63	[52–71]	0.07
Male sex, n (%)	890	59.5%	856	59.4%	0.94
BMI, mean (SD)	26.1	5.3	26.3	5.2	0.31
ICU mortality, n (%)	174	11.6%	146	10.1%	0.19
Hospital mortality, n (%)	225	15.0%	207	14.3%	0.59
ICU Lenght of stay (LOS), median days (IQR)	3	[2–6]	3	[2–6]	0.90
ICU LOS, n (%)
2 days	674	45.1%	653	45.2%	0.38
3–4 days	355	23.7%	351	24.3%
5–6 days	127	8.5%	113	7.8%
7–9 days	106	7.1%	94	6.5%
10–13 days	81	5.4%	60	4.2%
≥ 14 days	153	10.2%	173	12.0%
Apache score, mean (SD)	18.7	7.2	18.2	7.2	0.27
Days on respirator, median (IQR)	2	[0–4]	1	[0–4]	0.38
Comorbidity at ICU admission, n ‘yes’ (%)
Any comorbidity	573	38.3%	504	34.9%	0.06
Cardiovascular insufficiency	93	6.2%	70	4.8%	0.11
Respiratory insufficiency	116	7.8%	71	4.9%	0.002
Diabetes	180	12.0%	168	11.6%	0.74
Chronic renal insufficiency	97	6.5%	83	5.7%	0.41
Neoplasm	130	8.7%	112	7.8%	0.36
Immune-insufficiency	166	11.1%	166	11.5%	0.93
Medical specialty, n (%)
Surgery	330	22.1%	361	25.0%	0.04
Neurosurgery	239	16.0%	200	13.9%
Thoracic surgery	234	15.6%	245	17.0%
Pulmonary disease	125	8.4%	139	9.6%
Internal medicine	64	4.3%	72	5.0%
Other	504	33.7%	427	29.6%
Admission type, n (%)
Medical	732	48.9%	712	49.3%	0.06
Elective	528	35.3%	464	32.1%
Emergency	236	15.8%	268	18.6%
Admission source, n (%)
Emergency	372	24.9%	344	23.8%	0.27
Clinical department	292	19.5%	302	20.9%
Other IC unit	93	6.2%	69	4.8%
Other	739	49.4%	729	50.5%